# Copyright 2009-2012 10gen, Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Collection level utilities for Mongo.""" import warnings from asyncio_mongo._bson.binary import ALL_UUID_SUBTYPES, OLD_UUID_SUBTYPE from asyncio_mongo._bson.code import Code from asyncio_mongo._bson.son import SON from asyncio_mongo._pymongo import (common, helpers, message) from asyncio_mongo._pymongo.cursor import Cursor from asyncio_mongo._pymongo.errors import ConfigurationError, InvalidName try: from collections import OrderedDict ordered_types = (SON, OrderedDict) except ImportError: ordered_types = SON def _gen_index_name(keys): """Generate an index name from the set of fields it is over. """ return "_".join(["%s_%s" % item for item in keys]) class Collection(common.BaseObject): """A Mongo collection. """ def __init__(self, database, name, create=False, **kwargs): """Get / create a Mongo collection. Raises :class:`TypeError` if `name` is not an instance of :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3). Raises :class:`~pymongo.errors.InvalidName` if `name` is not a valid collection name. Any additional keyword arguments will be used as options passed to the create command. See :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.create_collection` for valid options. If `create` is ``True`` or additional keyword arguments are present a create command will be sent. Otherwise, a create command will not be sent and the collection will be created implicitly on first use. :Parameters: - `database`: the database to get a collection from - `name`: the name of the collection to get - `create` (optional): if ``True``, force collection creation even without options being set - `**kwargs` (optional): additional keyword arguments will be passed as options for the create collection command .. versionchanged:: 2.2 Removed deprecated argument: options .. versionadded:: 2.1 uuid_subtype attribute .. versionchanged:: 1.5 deprecating `options` in favor of kwargs .. versionadded:: 1.5 the `create` parameter .. mongodoc:: collections """ super(Collection, self).__init__( slave_okay=database.slave_okay, read_preference=database.read_preference, tag_sets=database.tag_sets, secondary_acceptable_latency_ms=( database.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms), safe=database.safe, **database.write_concern) if not isinstance(name, str): raise TypeError("name must be an instance " "of %s" % (str.__name__,)) if not name or ".." in name: raise InvalidName("collection names cannot be empty") if "$" in name and not (name.startswith("oplog.$main") or name.startswith("$cmd")): raise InvalidName("collection names must not " "contain '$': %r" % name) if name[0] == "." or name[-1] == ".": raise InvalidName("collection names must not start " "or end with '.': %r" % name) if "\x00" in name: raise InvalidName("collection names must not contain the " "null character") self.__database = database self.__name = str(name) self.__uuid_subtype = OLD_UUID_SUBTYPE self.__full_name = "%s.%s" % (self.__database.name, self.__name) if create or kwargs: self.__create(kwargs) def __create(self, options): """Sends a create command with the given options. """ if options: if "size" in options: options["size"] = float(options["size"]) self.__database.command("create", self.__name, **options) else: self.__database.command("create", self.__name) def __getattr__(self, name): """Get a sub-collection of this collection by name. Raises InvalidName if an invalid collection name is used. :Parameters: - `name`: the name of the collection to get """ return Collection(self.__database, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name)) def __getitem__(self, name): return self.__getattr__(name) def __repr__(self): return "Collection(%r, %r)" % (self.__database, self.__name) def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Collection): us = (self.__database, self.__name) them = (other.__database, other.__name) return us == them return NotImplemented def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other @property def full_name(self): """The full name of this :class:`Collection`. The full name is of the form `database_name.collection_name`. .. versionchanged:: 1.3 ``full_name`` is now a property rather than a method. """ return self.__full_name @property def name(self): """The name of this :class:`Collection`. .. versionchanged:: 1.3 ``name`` is now a property rather than a method. """ return self.__name @property def database(self): """The :class:`~pymongo.database.Database` that this :class:`Collection` is a part of. .. versionchanged:: 1.3 ``database`` is now a property rather than a method. """ return self.__database def __get_uuid_subtype(self): return self.__uuid_subtype def __set_uuid_subtype(self, subtype): if subtype not in ALL_UUID_SUBTYPES: raise ConfigurationError("Not a valid setting for uuid_subtype.") self.__uuid_subtype = subtype uuid_subtype = property(__get_uuid_subtype, __set_uuid_subtype, doc="""This attribute specifies which BSON Binary subtype is used when storing UUIDs. Historically UUIDs have been stored as BSON Binary subtype 3. This attribute is used to switch to the newer BSON binary subtype 4. It can also be used to force legacy byte order and subtype compatibility with the Java and C# drivers. See the :mod:`bson.binary` module for all options.""") def save(self, to_save, manipulate=True, safe=None, check_keys=True, **kwargs): """Save a document in this collection. If `to_save` already has an ``"_id"`` then an :meth:`update` (upsert) operation is performed and any existing document with that ``"_id"`` is overwritten. Otherwise an :meth:`insert` operation is performed. In this case if `manipulate` is ``True`` an ``"_id"`` will be added to `to_save` and this method returns the ``"_id"`` of the saved document. If `manipulate` is ``False`` the ``"_id"`` will be added by the server but this method will return ``None``. Raises :class:`TypeError` if `to_save` is not an instance of :class:`dict`. Write concern options can be passed as keyword arguments, overriding any global defaults. Valid options include w=, wtimeout=, j=, or fsync=. See the parameter list below for a detailed explanation of these options. By default an acknowledgment is requested from the server that the save was successful, raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.OperationFailure` if an error occurred. **Passing ``w=0`` disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** :Parameters: - `to_save`: the document to be saved - `manipulate` (optional): manipulate the document before saving it? - `safe` (optional): **DEPRECATED** - Use `w` instead. - `check_keys` (optional): check if keys start with '$' or contain '.', raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.InvalidName` in either case. - `w` (optional): (integer or string) If this is a replica set, write operations will block until they have been replicated to the specified number or tagged set of servers. `w=` always includes the replica set primary (e.g. w=3 means write to the primary and wait until replicated to **two** secondaries). **Passing w=0 disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** - `wtimeout` (optional): (integer) Used in conjunction with `w`. Specify a value in milliseconds to control how long to wait for write propagation to complete. If replication does not complete in the given timeframe, a timeout exception is raised. - `j` (optional): If ``True`` block until write operations have been committed to the journal. Ignored if the server is running without journaling. - `fsync` (optional): If ``True`` force the database to fsync all files before returning. When used with `j` the server awaits the next group commit before returning. :Returns: - The ``'_id'`` value of `to_save` or ``[None]`` if `manipulate` is ``False`` and `to_save` has no '_id' field. .. versionadded:: 1.8 Support for passing `getLastError` options as keyword arguments. .. mongodoc:: insert """ if not isinstance(to_save, dict): raise TypeError("cannot save object of type %s" % type(to_save)) if "_id" not in to_save: return self.insert(to_save, manipulate, safe, check_keys, **kwargs) else: self.update({"_id": to_save["_id"]}, to_save, True, manipulate, safe, check_keys=check_keys, **kwargs) return to_save.get("_id", None) def insert(self, doc_or_docs, manipulate=True, safe=None, check_keys=True, continue_on_error=False, **kwargs): """Insert a document(s) into this collection. If `manipulate` is ``True``, the document(s) are manipulated using any :class:`~pymongo.son_manipulator.SONManipulator` instances that have been added to this :class:`~pymongo.database.Database`. In this case an ``"_id"`` will be added if the document(s) does not already contain one and the ``"id"`` (or list of ``"_id"`` values for more than one document) will be returned. If `manipulate` is ``False`` and the document(s) does not include an ``"_id"`` one will be added by the server. The server does not return the ``"_id"`` it created so ``None`` is returned. Write concern options can be passed as keyword arguments, overriding any global defaults. Valid options include w=, wtimeout=, j=, or fsync=. See the parameter list below for a detailed explanation of these options. By default an acknowledgment is requested from the server that the insert was successful, raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.OperationFailure` if an error occurred. **Passing ``w=0`` disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** :Parameters: - `doc_or_docs`: a document or list of documents to be inserted - `manipulate` (optional): If ``True`` manipulate the documents before inserting. - `safe` (optional): **DEPRECATED** - Use `w` instead. - `check_keys` (optional): If ``True`` check if keys start with '$' or contain '.', raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.InvalidName` in either case. - `continue_on_error` (optional): If ``True``, the database will not stop processing a bulk insert if one fails (e.g. due to duplicate IDs). This makes bulk insert behave similarly to a series of single inserts, except lastError will be set if any insert fails, not just the last one. If multiple errors occur, only the most recent will be reported by :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.error`. - `w` (optional): (integer or string) If this is a replica set, write operations will block until they have been replicated to the specified number or tagged set of servers. `w=` always includes the replica set primary (e.g. w=3 means write to the primary and wait until replicated to **two** secondaries). **Passing w=0 disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** - `wtimeout` (optional): (integer) Used in conjunction with `w`. Specify a value in milliseconds to control how long to wait for write propagation to complete. If replication does not complete in the given timeframe, a timeout exception is raised. - `j` (optional): If ``True`` block until write operations have been committed to the journal. Ignored if the server is running without journaling. - `fsync` (optional): If ``True`` force the database to fsync all files before returning. When used with `j` the server awaits the next group commit before returning. :Returns: - The ``'_id'`` value (or list of '_id' values) of `doc_or_docs` or ``[None]`` if manipulate is ``False`` and the documents passed as `doc_or_docs` do not include an '_id' field. .. note:: `continue_on_error` requires server version **>= 1.9.1** .. versionadded:: 2.1 Support for continue_on_error. .. versionadded:: 1.8 Support for passing `getLastError` options as keyword arguments. .. versionchanged:: 1.1 Bulk insert works with any iterable .. mongodoc:: insert """ # Batch inserts require us to know the connected master's # max_bson_size and max_message_size. We have to be connected # to a master to know that. self.database.connection._ensure_connected(True) docs = doc_or_docs return_one = False if isinstance(docs, dict): return_one = True docs = [docs] if manipulate: docs = [self.__database._fix_incoming(doc, self) for doc in docs] safe, options = self._get_write_mode(safe, **kwargs) message._do_batched_insert(self.__full_name, docs, check_keys, safe, options, continue_on_error, self.__uuid_subtype, self.database.connection) ids = [doc.get("_id", None) for doc in docs] if return_one: return ids[0] else: return ids def update(self, spec, document, upsert=False, manipulate=False, safe=None, multi=False, check_keys=True, **kwargs): """Update a document(s) in this collection. Raises :class:`TypeError` if either `spec` or `document` is not an instance of ``dict`` or `upsert` is not an instance of ``bool``. Write concern options can be passed as keyword arguments, overriding any global defaults. Valid options include w=, wtimeout=, j=, or fsync=. See the parameter list below for a detailed explanation of these options. By default an acknowledgment is requested from the server that the update was successful, raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.OperationFailure` if an error occurred. **Passing ``w=0`` disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** There are many useful `update modifiers`_ which can be used when performing updates. For example, here we use the ``"$set"`` modifier to modify some fields in a matching document: .. doctest:: >>> db.test.insert({"x": "y", "a": "b"}) ObjectId('...') >>> list(db.test.find()) [{u'a': u'b', u'x': u'y', u'_id': ObjectId('...')}] >>> db.test.update({"x": "y"}, {"$set": {"a": "c"}}) {...} >>> list(db.test.find()) [{u'a': u'c', u'x': u'y', u'_id': ObjectId('...')}] :Parameters: - `spec`: a ``dict`` or :class:`~bson.son.SON` instance specifying elements which must be present for a document to be updated - `document`: a ``dict`` or :class:`~bson.son.SON` instance specifying the document to be used for the update or (in the case of an upsert) insert - see docs on MongoDB `update modifiers`_ - `upsert` (optional): perform an upsert if ``True`` - `manipulate` (optional): manipulate the document before updating? If ``True`` all instances of :mod:`~pymongo.son_manipulator.SONManipulator` added to this :class:`~pymongo.database.Database` will be applied to the document before performing the update. - `check_keys` (optional): check if keys in `document` start with '$' or contain '.', raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.InvalidName`. Only applies to document replacement, not modification through $ operators. - `safe` (optional): **DEPRECATED** - Use `w` instead. - `multi` (optional): update all documents that match `spec`, rather than just the first matching document. The default value for `multi` is currently ``False``, but this might eventually change to ``True``. It is recommended that you specify this argument explicitly for all update operations in order to prepare your code for that change. - `w` (optional): (integer or string) If this is a replica set, write operations will block until they have been replicated to the specified number or tagged set of servers. `w=` always includes the replica set primary (e.g. w=3 means write to the primary and wait until replicated to **two** secondaries). **Passing w=0 disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** - `wtimeout` (optional): (integer) Used in conjunction with `w`. Specify a value in milliseconds to control how long to wait for write propagation to complete. If replication does not complete in the given timeframe, a timeout exception is raised. - `j` (optional): If ``True`` block until write operations have been committed to the journal. Ignored if the server is running without journaling. - `fsync` (optional): If ``True`` force the database to fsync all files before returning. When used with `j` the server awaits the next group commit before returning. :Returns: - A document (dict) describing the effect of the update or ``None`` if write acknowledgement is disabled. .. versionadded:: 1.8 Support for passing `getLastError` options as keyword arguments. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 Return the response to *lastError* if `safe` is ``True``. .. versionadded:: 1.1.1 The `multi` parameter. .. _update modifiers: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating .. mongodoc:: update """ if not isinstance(spec, dict): raise TypeError("spec must be an instance of dict") if not isinstance(document, dict): raise TypeError("document must be an instance of dict") if not isinstance(upsert, bool): raise TypeError("upsert must be an instance of bool") if manipulate: document = self.__database._fix_incoming(document, self) safe, options = self._get_write_mode(safe, **kwargs) if document: # If a top level key begins with '$' this is a modify operation # and we should skip key validation. It doesn't matter which key # we check here. Passing a document with a mix of top level keys # starting with and without a '$' is invalid and the server will # raise an appropriate exception. first = next((iter(document.keys()))) if first.startswith('$'): check_keys = False return self.__database.connection._send_message( message.update(self.__full_name, upsert, multi, spec, document, safe, options, check_keys, self.__uuid_subtype), safe) def drop(self): """Alias for :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.drop_collection`. The following two calls are equivalent: >>> db.foo.drop() >>> db.drop_collection("foo") .. versionadded:: 1.8 """ self.__database.drop_collection(self.__name) def remove(self, spec_or_id=None, safe=None, **kwargs): """Remove a document(s) from this collection. .. warning:: Calls to :meth:`remove` should be performed with care, as removed data cannot be restored. If `spec_or_id` is ``None``, all documents in this collection will be removed. This is not equivalent to calling :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.drop_collection`, however, as indexes will not be removed. Write concern options can be passed as keyword arguments, overriding any global defaults. Valid options include w=, wtimeout=, j=, or fsync=. See the parameter list below for a detailed explanation of these options. By default an acknowledgment is requested from the server that the remove was successful, raising :class:`~pymongo.errors.OperationFailure` if an error occurred. **Passing ``w=0`` disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** :Parameters: - `spec_or_id` (optional): a dictionary specifying the documents to be removed OR any other type specifying the value of ``"_id"`` for the document to be removed - `safe` (optional): **DEPRECATED** - Use `w` instead. - `w` (optional): (integer or string) If this is a replica set, write operations will block until they have been replicated to the specified number or tagged set of servers. `w=` always includes the replica set primary (e.g. w=3 means write to the primary and wait until replicated to **two** secondaries). **Passing w=0 disables write acknowledgement and all other write concern options.** - `wtimeout` (optional): (integer) Used in conjunction with `w`. Specify a value in milliseconds to control how long to wait for write propagation to complete. If replication does not complete in the given timeframe, a timeout exception is raised. - `j` (optional): If ``True`` block until write operations have been committed to the journal. Ignored if the server is running without journaling. - `fsync` (optional): If ``True`` force the database to fsync all files before returning. When used with `j` the server awaits the next group commit before returning. :Returns: - A document (dict) describing the effect of the remove or ``None`` if write acknowledgement is disabled. .. versionadded:: 1.8 Support for passing `getLastError` options as keyword arguments. .. versionchanged:: 1.7 Accept any type other than a ``dict`` instance for removal by ``"_id"``, not just :class:`~bson.objectid.ObjectId` instances. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 Return the response to *lastError* if `safe` is ``True``. .. versionchanged:: 1.2 The `spec_or_id` parameter is now optional. If it is not specified *all* documents in the collection will be removed. .. versionadded:: 1.1 The `safe` parameter. .. mongodoc:: remove """ if spec_or_id is None: spec_or_id = {} if not isinstance(spec_or_id, dict): spec_or_id = {"_id": spec_or_id} safe, options = self._get_write_mode(safe, **kwargs) return self.__database.connection._send_message( message.delete(self.__full_name, spec_or_id, safe, options, self.__uuid_subtype), safe) def find_one(self, spec_or_id=None, *args, **kwargs): """Get a single document from the database. All arguments to :meth:`find` are also valid arguments for :meth:`find_one`, although any `limit` argument will be ignored. Returns a single document, or ``None`` if no matching document is found. :Parameters: - `spec_or_id` (optional): a dictionary specifying the query to be performed OR any other type to be used as the value for a query for ``"_id"``. - `*args` (optional): any additional positional arguments are the same as the arguments to :meth:`find`. - `**kwargs` (optional): any additional keyword arguments are the same as the arguments to :meth:`find`. .. versionchanged:: 1.7 Allow passing any of the arguments that are valid for :meth:`find`. .. versionchanged:: 1.7 Accept any type other than a ``dict`` instance as an ``"_id"`` query, not just :class:`~bson.objectid.ObjectId` instances. """ if spec_or_id is not None and not isinstance(spec_or_id, dict): spec_or_id = {"_id": spec_or_id} for result in self.find(spec_or_id, *args, **kwargs).limit(-1): return result return None def find(self, *args, **kwargs): """Query the database. The `spec` argument is a prototype document that all results must match. For example: >>> db.test.find({"hello": "world"}) only matches documents that have a key "hello" with value "world". Matches can have other keys *in addition* to "hello". The `fields` argument is used to specify a subset of fields that should be included in the result documents. By limiting results to a certain subset of fields you can cut down on network traffic and decoding time. Raises :class:`TypeError` if any of the arguments are of improper type. Returns an instance of :class:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor` corresponding to this query. :Parameters: - `spec` (optional): a SON object specifying elements which must be present for a document to be included in the result set - `fields` (optional): a list of field names that should be returned in the result set or a dict specifying the fields to include or exclude. If `fields` is a list "_id" will always be returned. Use a dict to exclude fields from the result (e.g. fields={'_id': False}). - `skip` (optional): the number of documents to omit (from the start of the result set) when returning the results - `limit` (optional): the maximum number of results to return - `timeout` (optional): if True (the default), any returned cursor is closed by the server after 10 minutes of inactivity. If set to False, the returned cursor will never time out on the server. Care should be taken to ensure that cursors with timeout turned off are properly closed. - `snapshot` (optional): if True, snapshot mode will be used for this query. Snapshot mode assures no duplicates are returned, or objects missed, which were present at both the start and end of the query's execution. For details, see the `snapshot documentation `_. - `tailable` (optional): the result of this find call will be a tailable cursor - tailable cursors aren't closed when the last data is retrieved but are kept open and the cursors location marks the final document's position. if more data is received iteration of the cursor will continue from the last document received. For details, see the `tailable cursor documentation `_. - `sort` (optional): a list of (key, direction) pairs specifying the sort order for this query. See :meth:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor.sort` for details. - `max_scan` (optional): limit the number of documents examined when performing the query - `as_class` (optional): class to use for documents in the query result (default is :attr:`~pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient.document_class`) - `slave_okay` (optional): if True, allows this query to be run against a replica secondary. - `await_data` (optional): if True, the server will block for some extra time before returning, waiting for more data to return. Ignored if `tailable` is False. - `partial` (optional): if True, mongos will return partial results if some shards are down instead of returning an error. - `manipulate`: (optional): If True (the default), apply any outgoing SON manipulators before returning. - `network_timeout` (optional): specify a timeout to use for this query, which will override the :class:`~pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient`-level default - `read_preference` (optional): The read preference for this query. - `tag_sets` (optional): The tag sets for this query. - `secondary_acceptable_latency_ms` (optional): Any replica-set member whose ping time is within secondary_acceptable_latency_ms of the nearest member may accept reads. Default 15 milliseconds. **Ignored by mongos** and must be configured on the command line. See the localThreshold_ option for more information. - `exhaust` (optional): If ``True`` create an "exhaust" cursor. MongoDB will stream batched results to the client without waiting for the client to request each batch, reducing latency. .. note:: There are a number of caveats to using the `exhaust` parameter: 1. The `exhaust` and `limit` options are incompatible and can not be used together. 2. The `exhaust` option is not supported by mongos and can not be used with a sharded cluster. 3. A :class:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor` instance created with the `exhaust` option requires an exclusive :class:`~socket.socket` connection to MongoDB. If the :class:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor` is discarded without being completely iterated the underlying :class:`~socket.socket` connection will be closed and discarded without being returned to the connection pool. 4. A :class:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor` instance created with the `exhaust` option in a :doc:`request ` **must** be completely iterated before executing any other operation. 5. The `network_timeout` option is ignored when using the `exhaust` option. .. note:: The `manipulate` parameter may default to False in a future release. .. note:: The `max_scan` parameter requires server version **>= 1.5.1** .. versionadded:: 2.3 The `tag_sets` and `secondary_acceptable_latency_ms` parameters. .. versionadded:: 1.11+ The `await_data`, `partial`, and `manipulate` parameters. .. versionadded:: 1.8 The `network_timeout` parameter. .. versionadded:: 1.7 The `sort`, `max_scan` and `as_class` parameters. .. versionchanged:: 1.7 The `fields` parameter can now be a dict or any iterable in addition to a list. .. versionadded:: 1.1 The `tailable` parameter. .. mongodoc:: find .. _localThreshold: http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/mongos/#cmdoption-mongos--localThreshold """ if not 'slave_okay' in kwargs: kwargs['slave_okay'] = self.slave_okay if not 'read_preference' in kwargs: kwargs['read_preference'] = self.read_preference if not 'tag_sets' in kwargs: kwargs['tag_sets'] = self.tag_sets if not 'secondary_acceptable_latency_ms' in kwargs: kwargs['secondary_acceptable_latency_ms'] = ( self.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms) return Cursor(self, *args, **kwargs) def count(self): """Get the number of documents in this collection. To get the number of documents matching a specific query use :meth:`pymongo.cursor.Cursor.count`. """ return self.find().count() def create_index(self, key_or_list, cache_for=300, **kwargs): """Creates an index on this collection. Takes either a single key or a list of (key, direction) pairs. The key(s) must be an instance of :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3), and the directions must be one of (:data:`~pymongo.ASCENDING`, :data:`~pymongo.DESCENDING`, :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D`). Returns the name of the created index. To create a single key index on the key ``'mike'`` we just use a string argument: >>> my_collection.create_index("mike") For a compound index on ``'mike'`` descending and ``'eliot'`` ascending we need to use a list of tuples: >>> my_collection.create_index([("mike", pymongo.DESCENDING), ... ("eliot", pymongo.ASCENDING)]) All optional index creation parameters should be passed as keyword arguments to this method. Valid options include: - `name`: custom name to use for this index - if none is given, a name will be generated - `unique`: should this index guarantee uniqueness? - `dropDups` or `drop_dups`: should we drop duplicates - `background`: if this index should be created in the background - `sparse`: if True, omit from the index any documents that lack the indexed field - `bucketSize` or `bucket_size`: for use with geoHaystack indexes. Number of documents to group together within a certain proximity to a given longitude and latitude. - `min`: minimum value for keys in a :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D` index - `max`: maximum value for keys in a :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D` index - `expireAfterSeconds`: Used to create an expiring (TTL) collection. MongoDB will automatically delete documents from this collection after seconds. The indexed field must be a UTC datetime or the data will not expire. .. note:: `expireAfterSeconds` requires server version **>= 2.1.2** :Parameters: - `key_or_list`: a single key or a list of (key, direction) pairs specifying the index to create - `cache_for` (optional): time window (in seconds) during which this index will be recognized by subsequent calls to :meth:`ensure_index` - see documentation for :meth:`ensure_index` for details - `**kwargs` (optional): any additional index creation options (see the above list) should be passed as keyword arguments - `ttl` (deprecated): Use `cache_for` instead. .. versionchanged:: 2.3 The `ttl` parameter has been deprecated to avoid confusion with TTL collections. Use `cache_for` instead. .. versionchanged:: 2.2 Removed deprecated argument: deprecated_unique .. versionchanged:: 1.5.1 Accept kwargs to support all index creation options. .. versionadded:: 1.5 The `name` parameter. .. seealso:: :meth:`ensure_index` .. mongodoc:: indexes """ if 'ttl' in kwargs: cache_for = kwargs.pop('ttl') warnings.warn("ttl is deprecated. Please use cache_for instead.", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) # The types supported by datetime.timedelta. 2to3 removes long. if not isinstance(cache_for, (int, float)): raise TypeError("cache_for must be an integer or float.") keys = helpers._index_list(key_or_list) index_doc = helpers._index_document(keys) index = {"key": index_doc, "ns": self.__full_name} name = "name" in kwargs and kwargs["name"] or _gen_index_name(keys) index["name"] = name if "drop_dups" in kwargs: kwargs["dropDups"] = kwargs.pop("drop_dups") if "bucket_size" in kwargs: kwargs["bucketSize"] = kwargs.pop("bucket_size") index.update(kwargs) self.__database.system.indexes.insert(index, manipulate=False, check_keys=False, **self._get_wc_override()) self.__database.connection._cache_index(self.__database.name, self.__name, name, cache_for) return name def ensure_index(self, key_or_list, cache_for=300, **kwargs): """Ensures that an index exists on this collection. Takes either a single key or a list of (key, direction) pairs. The key(s) must be an instance of :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3), and the direction(s) must be one of (:data:`~pymongo.ASCENDING`, :data:`~pymongo.DESCENDING`, :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D`). See :meth:`create_index` for a detailed example. Unlike :meth:`create_index`, which attempts to create an index unconditionally, :meth:`ensure_index` takes advantage of some caching within the driver such that it only attempts to create indexes that might not already exist. When an index is created (or ensured) by PyMongo it is "remembered" for `cache_for` seconds. Repeated calls to :meth:`ensure_index` within that time limit will be lightweight - they will not attempt to actually create the index. Care must be taken when the database is being accessed through multiple clients at once. If an index is created using this client and deleted using another, any call to :meth:`ensure_index` within the cache window will fail to re-create the missing index. Returns the name of the created index if an index is actually created. Returns ``None`` if the index already exists. All optional index creation parameters should be passed as keyword arguments to this method. Valid options include: - `name`: custom name to use for this index - if none is given, a name will be generated - `unique`: should this index guarantee uniqueness? - `dropDups` or `drop_dups`: should we drop duplicates during index creation when creating a unique index? - `background`: if this index should be created in the background - `sparse`: if True, omit from the index any documents that lack the indexed field - `bucketSize` or `bucket_size`: for use with geoHaystack indexes. Number of documents to group together within a certain proximity to a given longitude and latitude. - `min`: minimum value for keys in a :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D` index - `max`: maximum value for keys in a :data:`~pymongo.GEO2D` index - `expireAfterSeconds`: Used to create an expiring (TTL) collection. MongoDB will automatically delete documents from this collection after seconds. The indexed field must be a UTC datetime or the data will not expire. .. note:: `expireAfterSeconds` requires server version **>= 2.1.2** :Parameters: - `key_or_list`: a single key or a list of (key, direction) pairs specifying the index to create - `cache_for` (optional): time window (in seconds) during which this index will be recognized by subsequent calls to :meth:`ensure_index` - `**kwargs` (optional): any additional index creation options (see the above list) should be passed as keyword arguments - `ttl` (deprecated): Use `cache_for` instead. .. versionchanged:: 2.3 The `ttl` parameter has been deprecated to avoid confusion with TTL collections. Use `cache_for` instead. .. versionchanged:: 2.2 Removed deprecated argument: deprecated_unique .. versionchanged:: 1.5.1 Accept kwargs to support all index creation options. .. versionadded:: 1.5 The `name` parameter. .. seealso:: :meth:`create_index` """ if "name" in kwargs: name = kwargs["name"] else: keys = helpers._index_list(key_or_list) name = kwargs["name"] = _gen_index_name(keys) if not self.__database.connection._cached(self.__database.name, self.__name, name): return self.create_index(key_or_list, cache_for, **kwargs) return None def drop_indexes(self): """Drops all indexes on this collection. Can be used on non-existant collections or collections with no indexes. Raises OperationFailure on an error. """ self.__database.connection._purge_index(self.__database.name, self.__name) self.drop_index("*") def drop_index(self, index_or_name): """Drops the specified index on this collection. Can be used on non-existant collections or collections with no indexes. Raises OperationFailure on an error. `index_or_name` can be either an index name (as returned by `create_index`), or an index specifier (as passed to `create_index`). An index specifier should be a list of (key, direction) pairs. Raises TypeError if index is not an instance of (str, unicode, list). .. warning:: if a custom name was used on index creation (by passing the `name` parameter to :meth:`create_index` or :meth:`ensure_index`) the index **must** be dropped by name. :Parameters: - `index_or_name`: index (or name of index) to drop """ name = index_or_name if isinstance(index_or_name, list): name = _gen_index_name(index_or_name) if not isinstance(name, str): raise TypeError("index_or_name must be an index name or list") self.__database.connection._purge_index(self.__database.name, self.__name, name) self.__database.command("dropIndexes", self.__name, index=name, allowable_errors=["ns not found"]) def reindex(self): """Rebuilds all indexes on this collection. .. warning:: reindex blocks all other operations (indexes are built in the foreground) and will be slow for large collections. .. versionadded:: 1.11+ """ return self.__database.command("reIndex", self.__name) def index_information(self): """Get information on this collection's indexes. Returns a dictionary where the keys are index names (as returned by create_index()) and the values are dictionaries containing information about each index. The dictionary is guaranteed to contain at least a single key, ``"key"`` which is a list of (key, direction) pairs specifying the index (as passed to create_index()). It will also contain any other information in `system.indexes`, except for the ``"ns"`` and ``"name"`` keys, which are cleaned. Example output might look like this: >>> db.test.ensure_index("x", unique=True) u'x_1' >>> db.test.index_information() {u'_id_': {u'key': [(u'_id', 1)]}, u'x_1': {u'unique': True, u'key': [(u'x', 1)]}} .. versionchanged:: 1.7 The values in the resultant dictionary are now dictionaries themselves, whose ``"key"`` item contains the list that was the value in previous versions of PyMongo. """ raw = self.__database.system.indexes.find({"ns": self.__full_name}, {"ns": 0}, as_class=SON) info = {} for index in raw: index["key"] = list(index["key"].items()) index = dict(index) info[index.pop("name")] = index return info def options(self): """Get the options set on this collection. Returns a dictionary of options and their values - see :meth:`~pymongo.database.Database.create_collection` for more information on the possible options. Returns an empty dictionary if the collection has not been created yet. """ result = self.__database.system.namespaces.find_one( {"name": self.__full_name}) if not result: return {} options = result.get("options", {}) if "create" in options: del options["create"] return options def aggregate(self, pipeline, **kwargs): """Perform an aggregation using the aggregation framework on this collection. With :class:`~pymongo.mongo_replica_set_client.MongoReplicaSetClient` or :class:`~pymongo.master_slave_connection.MasterSlaveConnection`, if the `read_preference` attribute of this instance is not set to :attr:`pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference.PRIMARY` or the (deprecated) `slave_okay` attribute of this instance is set to `True` the `aggregate command`_ will be sent to a secondary or slave. :Parameters: - `pipeline`: a single command or list of aggregation commands - `**kwargs`: send arbitrary parameters to the aggregate command .. note:: Requires server version **>= 2.1.0**. With server version **>= 2.5.1**, pass ``cursor={}`` to retrieve unlimited aggregation results with a :class:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor`:: pipeline = [{'$project': {'name': {'$toUpper': '$name'}}}] cursor = collection.aggregate(pipeline, cursor={}) for doc in cursor: print doc .. versionchanged:: 2.6 Added cursor support. .. versionadded:: 2.3 .. _aggregate command: http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/applications/aggregation """ if not isinstance(pipeline, (dict, list, tuple)): raise TypeError("pipeline must be a dict, list or tuple") if isinstance(pipeline, dict): pipeline = [pipeline] use_master = not self.slave_okay and not self.read_preference command_kwargs = { 'pipeline': pipeline, 'read_preference': self.read_preference, 'tag_sets': self.tag_sets, 'secondary_acceptable_latency_ms': ( self.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms), 'slave_okay': self.slave_okay, '_use_master': use_master} command_kwargs.update(kwargs) command_response = self.__database.command( "aggregate", self.__name, **command_kwargs) if 'cursor' in command_response: cursor_info = command_response['cursor'] return Cursor( self, _first_batch=cursor_info['firstBatch'], _cursor_id=cursor_info['id']) else: return command_response # TODO key and condition ought to be optional, but deprecation # could be painful as argument order would have to change. def group(self, key, condition, initial, reduce, finalize=None): """Perform a query similar to an SQL *group by* operation. Returns an array of grouped items. The `key` parameter can be: - ``None`` to use the entire document as a key. - A :class:`list` of keys (each a :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3)) to group by. - A :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3), or :class:`~bson.code.Code` instance containing a JavaScript function to be applied to each document, returning the key to group by. With :class:`~pymongo.mongo_replica_set_client.MongoReplicaSetClient` or :class:`~pymongo.master_slave_connection.MasterSlaveConnection`, if the `read_preference` attribute of this instance is not set to :attr:`pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference.PRIMARY` or :attr:`pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED`, or the (deprecated) `slave_okay` attribute of this instance is set to `True`, the group command will be sent to a secondary or slave. :Parameters: - `key`: fields to group by (see above description) - `condition`: specification of rows to be considered (as a :meth:`find` query specification) - `initial`: initial value of the aggregation counter object - `reduce`: aggregation function as a JavaScript string - `finalize`: function to be called on each object in output list. .. versionchanged:: 2.2 Removed deprecated argument: command .. versionchanged:: 1.4 The `key` argument can now be ``None`` or a JavaScript function, in addition to a :class:`list` of keys. .. versionchanged:: 1.3 The `command` argument now defaults to ``True`` and is deprecated. """ group = {} if isinstance(key, str): group["$keyf"] = Code(key) elif key is not None: group = {"key": helpers._fields_list_to_dict(key)} group["ns"] = self.__name group["$reduce"] = Code(reduce) group["cond"] = condition group["initial"] = initial if finalize is not None: group["finalize"] = Code(finalize) use_master = not self.slave_okay and not self.read_preference return self.__database.command("group", group, uuid_subtype=self.__uuid_subtype, read_preference=self.read_preference, tag_sets=self.tag_sets, secondary_acceptable_latency_ms=( self.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms), slave_okay=self.slave_okay, _use_master=use_master)["retval"] def rename(self, new_name, **kwargs): """Rename this collection. If operating in auth mode, client must be authorized as an admin to perform this operation. Raises :class:`TypeError` if `new_name` is not an instance of :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3). Raises :class:`~pymongo.errors.InvalidName` if `new_name` is not a valid collection name. :Parameters: - `new_name`: new name for this collection - `**kwargs` (optional): any additional rename options should be passed as keyword arguments (i.e. ``dropTarget=True``) .. versionadded:: 1.7 support for accepting keyword arguments for rename options """ if not isinstance(new_name, str): raise TypeError("new_name must be an instance " "of %s" % (str.__name__,)) if not new_name or ".." in new_name: raise InvalidName("collection names cannot be empty") if new_name[0] == "." or new_name[-1] == ".": raise InvalidName("collecion names must not start or end with '.'") if "$" in new_name and not new_name.startswith("oplog.$main"): raise InvalidName("collection names must not contain '$'") new_name = "%s.%s" % (self.__database.name, new_name) self.__database.connection.admin.command("renameCollection", self.__full_name, to=new_name, **kwargs) def distinct(self, key): """Get a list of distinct values for `key` among all documents in this collection. Raises :class:`TypeError` if `key` is not an instance of :class:`basestring` (:class:`str` in python 3). To get the distinct values for a key in the result set of a query use :meth:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor.distinct`. :Parameters: - `key`: name of key for which we want to get the distinct values .. note:: Requires server version **>= 1.1.0** .. versionadded:: 1.1.1 """ return self.find().distinct(key) def map_reduce(self, map, reduce, out, full_response=False, **kwargs): """Perform a map/reduce operation on this collection. If `full_response` is ``False`` (default) returns a :class:`~pymongo.collection.Collection` instance containing the results of the operation. Otherwise, returns the full response from the server to the `map reduce command`_. :Parameters: - `map`: map function (as a JavaScript string) - `reduce`: reduce function (as a JavaScript string) - `out`: output collection name or `out object` (dict). See the `map reduce command`_ documentation for available options. Note: `out` options are order sensitive. :class:`~bson.son.SON` can be used to specify multiple options. e.g. SON([('replace', ), ('db', )]) - `full_response` (optional): if ``True``, return full response to this command - otherwise just return the result collection - `**kwargs` (optional): additional arguments to the `map reduce command`_ may be passed as keyword arguments to this helper method, e.g.:: >>> db.test.map_reduce(map, reduce, "myresults", limit=2) .. note:: Requires server version **>= 1.1.1** .. seealso:: :doc:`/examples/aggregation` .. versionchanged:: 2.2 Removed deprecated arguments: merge_output and reduce_output .. versionchanged:: 1.11+ DEPRECATED The merge_output and reduce_output parameters. .. versionadded:: 1.2 .. _map reduce command: http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/MapReduce .. mongodoc:: mapreduce """ if not isinstance(out, (str, dict)): raise TypeError("'out' must be an instance of " "%s or dict" % (str.__name__,)) if isinstance(out, dict) and out.get('inline'): must_use_master = False else: must_use_master = True response = self.__database.command("mapreduce", self.__name, uuid_subtype=self.__uuid_subtype, map=map, reduce=reduce, read_preference=self.read_preference, tag_sets=self.tag_sets, secondary_acceptable_latency_ms=( self.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms), out=out, _use_master=must_use_master, **kwargs) if full_response or not response.get('result'): return response elif isinstance(response['result'], dict): dbase = response['result']['db'] coll = response['result']['collection'] return self.__database.connection[dbase][coll] else: return self.__database[response["result"]] def inline_map_reduce(self, map, reduce, full_response=False, **kwargs): """Perform an inline map/reduce operation on this collection. Perform the map/reduce operation on the server in RAM. A result collection is not created. The result set is returned as a list of documents. If `full_response` is ``False`` (default) returns the result documents in a list. Otherwise, returns the full response from the server to the `map reduce command`_. With :class:`~pymongo.mongo_replica_set_client.MongoReplicaSetClient` or :class:`~pymongo.master_slave_connection.MasterSlaveConnection`, if the `read_preference` attribute of this instance is not set to :attr:`pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference.PRIMARY` or :attr:`pymongo.read_preferences.ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED`, or the (deprecated) `slave_okay` attribute of this instance is set to `True`, the inline map reduce will be run on a secondary or slave. :Parameters: - `map`: map function (as a JavaScript string) - `reduce`: reduce function (as a JavaScript string) - `full_response` (optional): if ``True``, return full response to this command - otherwise just return the result collection - `**kwargs` (optional): additional arguments to the `map reduce command`_ may be passed as keyword arguments to this helper method, e.g.:: >>> db.test.inline_map_reduce(map, reduce, limit=2) .. note:: Requires server version **>= 1.7.4** .. versionadded:: 1.10 """ use_master = not self.slave_okay and not self.read_preference res = self.__database.command("mapreduce", self.__name, uuid_subtype=self.__uuid_subtype, read_preference=self.read_preference, tag_sets=self.tag_sets, secondary_acceptable_latency_ms=( self.secondary_acceptable_latency_ms), slave_okay=self.slave_okay, _use_master=use_master, map=map, reduce=reduce, out={"inline": 1}, **kwargs) if full_response: return res else: return res.get("results") def find_and_modify(self, query={}, update=None, upsert=False, sort=None, full_response=False, **kwargs): """Update and return an object. This is a thin wrapper around the findAndModify_ command. The positional arguments are designed to match the first three arguments to :meth:`update` however most options should be passed as named parameters. Either `update` or `remove` arguments are required, all others are optional. Returns either the object before or after modification based on `new` parameter. If no objects match the `query` and `upsert` is false, returns ``None``. If upserting and `new` is false, returns ``{}``. If the full_response parameter is ``True``, the return value will be the entire response object from the server, including the 'ok' and 'lastErrorObject' fields, rather than just the modified object. This is useful mainly because the 'lastErrorObject' document holds information about the command's execution. :Parameters: - `query`: filter for the update (default ``{}``) - `update`: see second argument to :meth:`update` (no default) - `upsert`: insert if object doesn't exist (default ``False``) - `sort`: a list of (key, direction) pairs specifying the sort order for this query. See :meth:`~pymongo.cursor.Cursor.sort` for details. - `full_response`: return the entire response object from the server (default ``False``) - `remove`: remove rather than updating (default ``False``) - `new`: return updated rather than original object (default ``False``) - `fields`: see second argument to :meth:`find` (default all) - `**kwargs`: any other options the findAndModify_ command supports can be passed here. .. mongodoc:: findAndModify .. _findAndModify: http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/findAndModify .. note:: Requires server version **>= 1.3.0** .. versionchanged:: 2.5 Added the optional full_response parameter .. versionchanged:: 2.4 Deprecated the use of mapping types for the sort parameter .. versionadded:: 1.10 """ if (not update and not kwargs.get('remove', None)): raise ValueError("Must either update or remove") if (update and kwargs.get('remove', None)): raise ValueError("Can't do both update and remove") # No need to include empty args if query: kwargs['query'] = query if update: kwargs['update'] = update if upsert: kwargs['upsert'] = upsert if sort: # Accept a list of tuples to match Cursor's sort parameter. if isinstance(sort, list): kwargs['sort'] = helpers._index_document(sort) # Accept OrderedDict, SON, and dict with len == 1 so we # don't break existing code already using find_and_modify. elif (isinstance(sort, ordered_types) or isinstance(sort, dict) and len(sort) == 1): warnings.warn("Passing mapping types for `sort` is deprecated," " use a list of (key, direction) pairs instead", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) kwargs['sort'] = sort else: raise TypeError("sort must be a list of (key, direction) " "pairs, a dict of len 1, or an instance of " "SON or OrderedDict") no_obj_error = "No matching object found" out = self.__database.command("findAndModify", self.__name, allowable_errors=[no_obj_error], uuid_subtype=self.__uuid_subtype, **kwargs) if not out['ok']: if out["errmsg"] == no_obj_error: return None else: # Should never get here b/c of allowable_errors raise ValueError("Unexpected Error: %s" % (out,)) if full_response: return out else: return out.get('value') def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): raise TypeError("'Collection' object is not iterable") def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): """This is only here so that some API misusages are easier to debug. """ if "." not in self.__name: raise TypeError("'Collection' object is not callable. If you " "meant to call the '%s' method on a 'Database' " "object it is failing because no such method " "exists." % self.__name) raise TypeError("'Collection' object is not callable. If you meant to " "call the '%s' method on a 'Collection' object it is " "failing because no such method exists." % self.__name.split(".")[-1])