Installing and Using
The DECimage 1200
Video Terminal
Order Number EK–V120I–IN–001




Digital Equipment Corporation
First Edition, February 1991

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not
be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment
Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or
copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not
supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies.

Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U. S. Government is subject to
restrictions as set forth in subparagraph ( c ) ( 1 ) ( ii ) of the Rights in Technical Data
and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227–7013.

Copyright © by Digital Equipment Corporation 1991

All Rights Reserved.
Printed in Taiwan.

FCC NOTICE: The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and may emit
radio frequency energy. The equipment has been type tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC
Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such radio frequency
interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in
a residential area may cause interference, in which case the user at his own expense may
be required to take measures to correct the interference.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DECimage, DECwindows,
LAT, PDP, ThinWire, ULTRIX, VMS, VT, VT1000, VT1200, and the DIGITAL logo.

UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories.


This document was prepared and published by Educational Services Development and
Publishing, Digital Equipment Corporation.
                                                                                   Contents

About This Guide                                                                                     v


1     A Look at Your Video Terminal
Imaging and the DECimage 1200 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                         2
XIE Software on the DECimage 1200 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                           2
Differences Between the DECimage 1200 and VT1200 Terminals . .                                       2


2     Installing Your Video Terminal
Site Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      3
Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     6
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    7
Verifying the Memory Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                10


3     Installing Optional Memory
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   11


4     Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal
Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    16
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   18
Verifying the Memory Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                22




                                                                                                     iii
iv Contents



5      Improving Hard-to-Read Images
How Does the Terminal Display an Image? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                           23
How Can You Improve an Image? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                       24
Displaying the Customize Image Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                           25
Customizing the Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .               27


6      Solving Problems

A      Specifications
Site Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       32
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   32


B      Options and Documentation
Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .               33


C      X Window Image Extensions
The XIE Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          34
  Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       34
  Decompression Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                   35
  Scaling Constraints of the XIE Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                       35
  XCopyArea and XCopyPlane Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                             35
XIE Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         36


Tables
C–1      XIE Functions in the DECimage 1200 Terminal . . . . . . . . . .                                36
                                            About This Guide


This guide describes how to:
•   Install your DECimage 1200 video display terminal.
•   Upgrade your VT1000 terminal or VT1200 terminal to a DECimage
    1200 terminal.
The guide is a supplement to:
    Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal

Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is for the installer and general user of the DECimage 1200
video terminal.

Organization
This guide contains the following chapters and appendices:
•   Chapter 1, ‘‘A Look at Your Video Terminal,’’ provides an overview of
    the DECimage 1200 terminal and lists the differences between the
    DECimage 1200 terminal and the VT1200 terminal.
•   Chapter 2, ‘‘Installing Your Video Terminal,’’ describes how to install
    your terminal.
•   Chapter 3, ‘‘Installing Optional Memory,’’ describes how to install
    additional memory.
•   Chapter 4, ‘‘Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal,’’ describes
    how to upgrade a VT1000 or VT1200 terminal to a DECimage 1200
    terminal.
•   Chapter 5, ‘‘Improving Hard-to-Read Images,’’ describes how to use
    the Customize Image dialog box to improve images that are hard to
    read on the screen.
                                                                              v
vi About This Guide



•     Chapter 6, ‘‘Solving Problems,’’ describes how to solve operating
      problems, including basic X window image extension (XIE) protocol
      problems.
•     Appendix A, ‘‘Specifications,’’ lists DECimage 1200 specifications.
•     Appendix B, ‘‘Options and Documentation,’’ lists options, related
      documentation, and ordering information.
•     Appendix C, ‘‘X Window Image Extensions,’’ describes the DECimage
      1200 implementation of the XIE protocol.

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this guide:


 lO                    Keys or switches that are labeled appear in a box .
                       Example: Press the Return key.
Ctrl key               For Ctrl key sequences, hold down Ctrl and press the other
                       key.
Warnings               Provide information to prevent personal injury.
Cautions               Provide information to prevent damage to equipment or
                       software.
Notes                  Provide general information about the current topic.
                                                                        1
                                                                            1
                    A Look at Your Video Terminal


This chapter introduces you to the DECimage 1200 video display terminal.
Refer to Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal for a complete
description of the DECimage 1200 terminal, except for the differences
described in this guide.




       Keyboard
       LEDs




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                                                                            1
2 A Look at Your Video Terminal



Imaging and the DECimage 1200 Terminal
The DECimage 1200 terminal lets you run X window applications on
your computer system, including Digital’s DECwindows software and X
window image extensions (XIE) software. The imaging features allow
the terminal to send compressed image files to the server and to display
image information faster.
From the DECimage 1200 Terminal Manager window, you can display
a Customize Image dialog box with features to improve images that are
hard to read on the screen (Chapter 5).

XIE Software on the DECimage 1200 Terminal
The DECimage 1200 terminal has an XIE server that lets the terminal
run XIE applications. XIE applications let the terminal display images
quickly by decompressing, scaling, and rotating data. See Appendix C for
a description of XIE routines, their functions, and restrictions.

Differences Between the DECimage 1200 and
VT1200 Terminals
There are only two physical components that make the DECimage 1200
terminal different from the VT1200 terminal.

The DECimage 1200 uses ...               While the VT1200 uses ...

an image board with connectors for       a RAM board with connectors for
optional memory.                         optional memory.
a ROM board with imaging software.       a ROM board without imaging
                                         software.
                                                                 22
                    Installing Your Video Terminal


This chapter explains how to install a new DECimage 1200 terminal. The
chapter provides step-by-step instructions on how to:
   Prepare for installation.
   Unpack, inspect, and check the terminal’s components.
   Connect your terminal’s monitor, mouse, and keyboard.
   Connect a printer, modem, or tablet to the terminal.
   Connect your terminal to a network.
   Turn on your terminal.

NOTE
If you are upgrading your terminal to a DECimage 1200 terminal,
go to Chapter 4.

Site Preparation
Before you install your DECimage 1200 terminal, make sure your
computer system has the necessary network hardware and system
software to support the terminal. See your system manager to ensure
these requirements are met.

For System Managers
System managers need to prepare the computer system for use with
the terminal. Refer to the ‘‘System Management Tasks’’ appendix in the
Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal guide for a description of
the required tasks.




                                                                       3
4 Installing Your Video Terminal



Network Hardware Support
The DECimage 1200 terminal requires one of the following physical
connections to connect to a host computer system:

ThinWire       Lets the terminal operate with X window applications and
connector      multiple text terminal sessions, using either the LAT or TCP/IP
               network protocol. You must use the ThinWire connector to operate
               with X window or DECwindows software.
Serial         Lets the terminal connect to a single host or terminal server as a
line           traditional text terminal.

System Software Support
The following table summarizes the system resources needed to open X
window sessions or video terminal (VTE) sessions:

                             Operating                     Communication
Operation                    System                        Protocol

Video terminal session       VMS Version 4.0 or            LAT
                             higher



                             UNIX (any Berkeley            TELNET (TCP/IP)
                             (BSD) compliant version)



                             ULTRIX (any version)          TELNET (TCP/IP)



X window session             VMS Version 5.3-1 or          LAT
                             higher



                             UNIX (any version)            TELNET (TCP/IP)



                             UWS Version 2.2               TELNET (TCP/IP)
                             (includes ULTRIX
                             Version 3.1) or higher
                                               Installing Your Video Terminal 5



Selecting a Location
Use the following guidelines to select a good location for your terminal:
•   Select a surface area that is large enough to hold your system box,
    monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
•   Place your monitor so that the top line of the monitor display is at eye
    level.
•   To avoid screen glare, select a place where bright light will not reflect
    off the monitor.
•   Do not block the air vents on the sides of the system box or place the
    system box on its side. Blocking the air vents can cause the system to
    overheat.
•   Keep the area clean. Do not place food or liquid on or near your
    terminal.
•   Keep the temperature between 10° and 40° C (50° and 104° F), and
    the relative humidity between 10% and 95%.
•   Keep the air well circulated, to prevent excess heat and dust from
    accumulating.
•   Keep your terminal away from heaters, photocopiers, direct sunlight,
    and abrasive particles.
6 Installing Your Video Terminal



Unpacking

Unpack and check the contents of each carton.
Make sure you have all the items shown in the following figure. Carefully
inspect the components for shipping damage. If you have any missing or
damaged items, contact your sales representative and delivery agent.

WARNING
If necessary, use two people to lift or move the monitor out of the
shipping carton. Approximate monitor weights:
•    VR315 monitor (380 mm/15 inch): 13 kg (29 lb)
•    VR319 monitor (480 mm/19 inch): 27 kg (60 lb)
•    VRE01 monitor (480 mm/19 inch): 7 kg (15 lb)

DECimage 1200 Parts Checklist
1     Monitor: VR319 (shown), VR315, or VRE01
2     Power cord for the monitor
3     Monitor installation guide
4     System box
5     Power cord for the system box
6     Mouse
7     DEC-423 communication cable with EIA adapter (6-pin to 25-pin) attached
8     Monitor cable
9     Keyboard and legend strip
10    Ethernet cable and connector
11    Installing and Using the DECimage 1200 Video Terminal
12    Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal
13    Rear dress panel
Optional
14    SIMM memory card(s)

NOTE
If you receive three power cords (a short one and two long ones),
the second long power cord is not needed for this installation.
                                                                     Installing Your Video Terminal 7




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Installation

Install any optional memory first.
If you ordered optional memory for your terminal, go to Chapter 3. You
should install the memory cards in the system box before proceeding.
8 Installing Your Video Terminal



Connect the cables to the system box.
Perform the following steps to connect cables and set the monitor selection
switch on the rear of the system box. The steps are keyed to the figure.



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Step    Action

1       Connect one end of the monitor cable to the monitor and the other end to
        the system box.
        If you have a VRE01 monitor, attach the cable-holding fixture to the rear
        of the monitor before connecting the cable.
2       Set the monitor selection switch to match your monitor.
         VR319 = 2         VR315 = 5             VRE01 = 3
3       Connect the mouse or graphics tablet to the system box.
4       Connect the keyboard to the system box.
5       Serial printer port: If you have a printer or secondary host computer,
        connect the printer or host to the system box.
6       Serial host port: If you have a primary host computer or terminal server,
        connect the host or server to the system box.
7       Connect the ThinWire Ethernet connector to the system box. Connect the
        other end to your local area network.
                                                Installing Your Video Terminal 9




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Step   Action

8      Make sure the l O power switches on the monitor and system box are
       off (O). Then connect the long power cord from the system box to the wall
       outlet.
9      Connect the short power cord from the monitor to the system box.
10     Route all cables under the dress panel. Push the dress panel onto the
       system box.
11     Turn the monitor’s l O power switch on by pressing ( | ). Turn the
       system box’s l O power switch on by pressing ( | ).

       NOTE
       If the screen appears snowy, the monitor selection switch may be
       set to the wrong position. Set the monitor selection switch to the
       correct setting, then turn the system box’s l O power switch off
       and on again.
       The keyboard sounds a bell tone, and a pie graph displayed on the
       monitor gradually fills in as the terminal performs its self-tests.
       When the tests are done, the keyboard bell tone sounds again and the
       Terminal Manager window appears.

This is a good time to set the brightness, contrast, and viewing angle of
your monitor. See your monitor’s installation guide for instructions.
If you installed optional memory cards, go to the next section to verify the
memory installation.
10 Installing Your Video Terminal



Verifying the Memory Installation
After you power up the monitor and system box, the Terminal Manager
window should appear on your screen.
Verify that the number on the right side of the Memory Remaining scale
displays the correct number of megabytes in your system.
Standard           +     Optional      =    Number Displayed
2 megabytes              1 megabyte         3M
                         2 megabytes        4M

The installation procedure is complete.
Refer to Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal to learn how to
use your DECimage 1200 terminal.

NOTE
If you had problems with the installation, review the installation
steps carefully. If the problem continues, refer to the ‘‘Solving
Problems’’ chapter in Installing and Using the VT1200 Video
Terminal.
                                                                         33
                          Installing Optional Memory


This chapter describes how to install optional SIMM memory cards onto
the image board.
The terminal comes with 2 megabytes of RAM memory. You can add
1 or 2 more megabytes of optional RAM memory, for a total of up to 4
megabytes. Optional memory comes on 1-megabyte single in-line memory
module (SIMM) cards. You install the SIMM cards on the terminal’s
image board.

Installation
Use a grounding wrist strap and an antistatic mat to perform the
installation, if available. Otherwise, frequently touch the metal chassis
of the system box during installation, to neutralize any existing static
charges.

If you are installing the terminal, go to the next page.
If the terminal is already installed, perform these steps first.
Step   Action

1      Turn the system box’s l O power switch off (O).
2      Turn the monitor’s l O power switch off (O).
3      Disconnect the two power cords from the rear of the system box.
4      Disconnect the monitor video cable from the rear of the system box.
5      Remove the monitor from the top of the system box. You may need two
       people.




                                                                             11
12 Installing Optional Memory



Install the SIMM cards.
Step    Action

1       Remove the system box cover.
        •   Release the top cover of the system box by pressing in the two push
            tabs on the side of the box, as shown.
        •   Slowly lift the top cover until you release the hinges on the other side
            of the box. Then lift the top cover completely off the system box.




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                                                       Installing Optional Memory 13



Step   Action

2      Remove the image board from the system box.

       CAUTION
       The image board and the SIMM cards can be damaged by
       electrostatic discharge. Handle the image board by its cover
       or strap. Avoid contact with any components or circuitry within
       the system box.
       •   Release three standoff clips ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) by gently pushing each clip
           away from the image board and lifting up on the edges of the board.
       •   Hold the short strap on the image board and gently pull up to loosen
           the board from the standoffs.
       •   Release the other three standoff clips ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) by gently pushing
           each clip away from the image board and lifting up on the edges of
           the board.
       •   Grasp the long strap of the image board and pull up firmly to release
           the image board connector from the system logic board.
       •   Place the board on top of the power supply’s metal cover, with the
           strap side down. You will use the metal cover as a work surface to
           perform the SIMM card installation.




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14 Installing Optional Memory



Step    Action

3       Install the SIMM cards on the image board.

        CAUTION
        SIMM cards can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Handle a
        card by its edges and avoid contact with the gold fingers on the
        card.
        Remove the SIMM cards from the shipping bag and place them on top of
        the power supply’s metal cover. This prevents electrostatic damage.
        Install the first SIMM card in the connector labeled 2MB, the second
        SIMM in 3MB, and the last SIMM in 4MB.
        •   Insert the SIMM card into the connector at a 45-degree angle. Face
            the components on the SIMM card toward the components on the
            image board. Line up the center key slot on the SIMM card with the
            connector key on the image board.
        •   Push down on the top of the card to seat it in the connector.
        •   Raise the SIMM card into a standup position, until both sides of the
            card lock into the connector tabs.




                                                                             2M
                                                                                  B
                                            3M
                                                 B


                     2MB
                                                                    MA-0508-90.DG




        To remove the SIMM card: Gently push outward on the tabs at the
        sides of the connector. Tilt the SIMM card toward the edge of the image
        board at a 45-degree angle. Grasp the edges of the SIMM card firmly and
        lift the card out of the connector.
                                                   Installing Optional Memory 15



Step   Action

4      Install the image board back into the system box.
       •   Grasp both straps of the image board.
       •   Carefully place the board on top of its connector and standoffs. Use
           the standoffs as guides to align the connector on the board with the
           connector in the system box.
       •   Press down firmly on the wide end of the board to seat the connector.
           Then, press down on the edges of the board to lock each of the six
           standoff clips.

5      Install the system box cover.
6      Place the monitor on top of the system box. Leave enough room at the
       rear of the system box and monitor to connect cables.

WARNING
If necessary, use two people to lift or move the monitor.
7      Go back to Chapter 2, to connect the cables to the system box and verify
       the memory installation.
                                                               4
4
Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal

This chapter provides the procedure to upgrade your terminal to a
DECimage 1200 terminal.

CAUTION
The image board and the SIMM cards can be damaged by
electrostatic discharge. Handle the image board by its cover
or strap. Avoid contact with any components or circuitry within
the system box.

Unpacking

Unpack and check the contents of each carton.
1    Standoffs: 2 keyed and 1 unkeyed
2    Installing and Using the DECimage 1200 Video Terminal
3    Image board
4    ROM board
5    Optional: SIMM memory card(s)




16
    Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal 17


1            2




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18 Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal



Installation
If you are unfamiliar with the connectors on the terminal’s system box,
refer to the figures in Chapter 2.
Use a grounding wrist strap and an antistatic mat to perform the
installation, if available. Otherwise, frequently touch the metal chassis
of the system box during installation, to neutralize any existing static
charges.

Turn off power, disconnect cables, and open the system box.
Step Action

1     Turn the system box’s l O power switch off (O).
2     Turn the monitor’s l O power switch off (O).
3     Disconnect the two power cords from the rear of the system box.
4     Disconnect the monitor video cable from the rear of the system box.
5     Remove the monitor from the top of the system box. You may need two
      people.
6     Remove the system box cover.




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                                    Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal 19



Remove the RAM controller board and check for SIMM cards.
If your terminal does not have a RAM controller board 1 , go to the next
page.

Step Action

1     Release the standoff clips on the RAM board 1 and remove the board by
      firmly lifting up on its strap.
2     Turn the RAM board over and check if one or more SIMM cards 2 are
      installed. If any SIMM cards are installed, remove them as follows:
      Gently push outward on the tabs at the sides of the connector. Tilt the
      SIMM card toward the edge of the RAM board at a 45-degree angle. Grasp
      the edges of the SIMM card firmly and lift the card out of the connector.
      Next, you will install the SIMM cards on the image board.




                      1



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20 Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal



Install SIMM cards on the image board.
If you are not installing SIMM cards, go to the next page. If you ordered
optional SIMM cards or removed SIMM cards from the RAM controller
board, install them on the image board.

CAUTION
SIMM cards can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Handle a
card by its edges and avoid contact with the gold fingers on the
card.

Step   Action

1      Remove the SIMM cards from the shipping bag and place them on top of
       the power supply’s metal cover. This prevents electrostatic damage.
2      Install the first SIMM card in the connector labeled 2MB, the second
       SIMM in 3MB, and the last SIMM in 4MB.
       •   Insert the SIMM card into the connector at a 45-degree angle. Face
           the components on the SIMM card toward the components on the
           image board. Line up the center key slot on the SIMM card with the
           connector key on the image board.
       •   Push down on the top of the card to seat it in the connector.
       •   Raise the SIMM card into a standup position, until both sides of the
           card lock into the connector tabs.




                                                                            2M
                                                                                 B
                                           3M
                                                B


                    2MB
                                                                   MA-0508-90.DG




       To remove the SIMM card: Gently push outward on the tabs at the
       sides of the connector. Tilt the SIMM card toward the edge of the image
       board at a 45-degree angle. Grasp the edges of the SIMM card firmly and
       lift the card out of the connector.
                                    Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal 21



Install the image board in the system box.
Step Action

1    Firmly bend and twist the standoff 1 to break it and remove it. It is
     normal for the broken piece to remain inside the system box.
2    Install three new standoffs to support the image board: 2 is unkeyed and
      3 and 4 are keyed.

3    Grasp both straps of the image board.
4    Carefully place the board on top of its connector and standoffs. Use the
     standoffs as guides to align the connector on the board with the connector
     in the system box.
5    Press down firmly on the wide end of the board to seat the connector. Then
     press down on the edges of the board to lock each of the six standoff clips.


CAUTION
Pressing too hard on the narrow end of the image board may
damage the board.




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22 Upgrading to a DECimage 1200 Terminal



Install the new ROM board and verify the installation.
Step Action

1     The ROM board is next to the image board. Remove the old ROM board
      from the system box by releasing the board’s standoff clips and pulling up
      firmly on the board’s strap.
2     Unpack the new ROM board and install it in the system box. Align the
      board with its connector, press firmly in place, and lock the standoff clips.
3     Install the system box cover.
4     Reconnect all cables to the monitor and the system box.
5     Turn on the power switches on the system box and monitor.

NOTE
If the screen appears snowy, the monitor selection switch may be set to
the wrong position. To correct the problem, change the monitor selection
switch setting and turn the system box power off and on again.
6     Go to the next section to verify the memory installation.


Verifying the Memory Installation
After you power up the monitor and system box, the Terminal Manager
window should appear on your screen.
Verify that the number on the right side of the Memory Remaining scale
displays the correct number of megabytes in your system.
Standard           +     Optional            =     Number Displayed
2 megabytes              1 megabyte                3M
                         2 megabytes               4M

The installation procedure is complete.
Continue to refer to your VT1000 or VT1200 Installing and Using ...
guide for information on using your DECimage 1200 terminal.

NOTE
If you had problems with the installation, review the installation
steps carefully. If the problem continues, refer to the ‘‘Solving
Problems’’ chapter in your VT1000 or VT1200 Installing and Using
... guide.
                                                                  5
                                                                      5
                Improving Hard-to-Read Images

This chapter describes how to improve images that are hard to read on
the screen. For example, you may have scanned-in images that are too
light or dark, streaked, or smudged. You can use the Customize Image
dialog box to improve the image currently displayed on the screen.

NOTE
Before using the dialog box, make sure you set the brightness and
contrast controls on your monitor. See your monitor’s installation
guide for instructions.

How Does the Terminal Display an Image?
Your terminal displays text characters and graphic images as a series of
dots (pixels) on the monitor’s screen. The terminal reads the information
for each dot from the image’s source file. A typical source file for a
printable document stores images at a resolution of 200 or 300 dots/inch.
The terminal displays images at a resolution of approximately
100 dots/inch. Terminals and monitors generally have a lower resolution
than printers.
As a result, images that are flawed in the source file may be unreadable
when displayed. For example, suppose you have a document with a
broken E character. The character may be readable in the source file, but
unreadable when the terminal displays it on the monitor’s screen.




                                                                        23
24 Improving Hard-to-Read Images




      Stored                             Displayed




 300 dots/inch                        100 dots/inch

 The terminal stores all              The terminal displays
 recognized dots.                     one out of three dots
                                      stored.

                                           LJ−00046−RAGS



How Can You Improve an Image?
If an image in a source file is imperfect or incomplete, you can improve
the displayed image by changing its brightness and contrast values. For
example, you may be able to improve broken characters enough so they
are readable on the screen, by applying brightness or contrast values that
fill in the characters.
When you adjust the brightness and contrast values of an image, the
terminal recalculates the darkness level (black or white) of the displayed
dots that make up the image.
                                         Improving Hard-to-Read Images 25



Displaying the Customize Image Dialog Box
To display the Customize Image dialog box, choose the Image menu item
from the Terminal Manager’s Customize menu.
1. Point to the Customize menu name in the Terminal Manager’s menu
   bar. Click and hold MB1 to pull down the Customize menu.




                             LJ−00043−RAGS

2. Drag the pointer down to the Image... menu item. Release MB1 to
   display the Customize Image dialog box.
   The values on the Brightness and Contrast scales represent the
   last adjustments you made to an image and saved in the terminal’s
   memory. There are two ways to save adjustments:
   •   Click on the OK or Apply button in the Customize Image dialog
       box
   •   Choose the Save Current Settings menu item on the Customize
       menu in the Terminal Manager window.
26 Improving Hard-to-Read Images



   The terminal saves your settings in nonvolatile random access
   memory (NVR). If you did not save any values, the terminal displays
   the image with the values at 0.




                                                                  LJ−00044−RAGS


Adjust
Normally, this option is disabled so the terminal can calculate its own
brightness and contrast values for the displayed image. If you want to
change the brightness or contrast values, click on the Enable button.
Default: Disable

NOTE
Remember to click on the Disable button before the OK button to
close the Customize Image dialog box. If you leave Adjust enabled,
the terminal may display other images with poor quality.

Brightness
This slide bar controls the density of the image on the screen.
Moving the brightness scale to the right darkens the characters and lines
in the image.
                                           Improving Hard-to-Read Images 27



The effect is reversed for applications that display light text on a dark
background.
Default: The last values saved in the Customize Image dialog box.

Contrast
This slide bar controls the area of dots that are changed by the Brightness
slide bar.
For example, if you set the Contrast slide bar and then move the
Brightness slide bar to the right, selected areas of the image become
darker and thicker.
Moving the Contrast slide bar to the right causes detailed characters and
lines to merge. It also causes more background data to appear in the
displayed image.
Default: The last values saved in the Customize Image dialog box.

Customizing the Image
Most hard-to-read images have broken characters or a smudged
background.

NOTE
You can make the greatest changes to the image by making small
adjustments at the ends of the Brightness and Contrast scales.

Improving Images with Broken Characters
You can improve images with incomplete characters by making
adjustments to the Brightness and Contrast scales.
1. Display the image you want to adjust.
2. Click on the Enable button in the Customize Image dialog box.
3. Click on the Brightness scale pointer and drag the pointer to the right
   of center, closer to the right end of the scale.
4. Click on the Apply button in the Customize Image dialog box.
5. Redisplay the changed image from your application. Note how the
   new value changed the image.
6. Continue to make adjustments—moving the Brightness scale, clicking
   on Apply, and redisplaying the changed image—until you are
   satisfied with the results. The Contrast scale setting should be greater
   than 0 and closer to the left end of the scale.
28 Improving Hard-to-Read Images



7. After you finish customizing images, click on the Disable button
   before you click on Apply. This allows the terminal to calculate the
   brightness and contrast values of images.

Improving Images with Smudged Backgrounds
You can improve images that have smudged backgrounds or smudge
marks by adjusting the Brightness and Contrast scales together.
1. Display the image you want to adjust.
2. Click on the Enable button in the Customize Image dialog box.
3. Click on the Brightness scale pointer and drag the pointer to the left
   of center.
4. Click on the Contrast scale pointer and drag the pointer closer to the
   left end of the scale.
5. Click on the Apply button in the Customize Image dialog box.
6. Redisplay the changed image from your application. Note how the
   new values changed the image.
7. Repeat these steps if necessary, making small adjustments until the
   image is easy to read.
8. After you finish customizing images, click on the Disable button
   before you click on Apply. This allows the terminal to calculate the
   brightness and contrast values of images.
                                                                       6
                                                                           6
                                           Solving Problems

This chapter describes image display problems and solutions, for operators
and programmers.
For other operating problems, see the ‘‘Solving Problems’’ chapter in
Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal.

Symptom                      Suggested Solution

Display Problems: Operator-Related

The screen appears snowy.    Set the monitor selection switch to the correct
                             position.
                             1.   Turn the system box’s l O power switch off
                                  (O).
                             2.   Turn the monitor selection switch setting
                                  on the rear of the system box to the correct
                                  position (Chapter 2).
                             3.   Turn the system box’s l O power switch on
                                  ( | ).

The power-up diagnostics     Replace the ROM board with an image ROM
are unsuccessful, and the    board.
pie graph is distorted.
The displayed image is       Check the image board by running the power-up
incomplete.                  diagnostics. Turn the system box’s l O power
                             switch off (O) and on ( | ). Report the error on
                             the screen to Digital Customer Services.




                                                                               29
30 Solving Problems



Symptom                        Suggested Solution

Display Problems: Operator-Related

Different images have          The Adjust button in the Customize Image
different display qualities,   dialog box is enabled. Click on Disable to allow
or the quality changes when    the terminal to calculate the brightness and
the application changes the    contrast values of the image.
image size.
The terminal stops             The terminal ran out of memory. Turn the system
operating or displays error    box’s l O power switch off (O) and on ( | ) to
code 28 on the screen.         recover.
                               Use fewer windows.


Display Problems: Programmer-Related

The client receives a Bad      Do not invoke an XIE request that is not
Request X error.               implemented.
The client receives a Bad      Do not invoke an XIE protocol request that is
Request or Bad Match or        implemented, but violates its restricted use. This
Bad Value X error.             includes attempts to:
                               •   Create non-bitonal image objects.
                               •   Transport from the server to the client.
                               •   Transport DCT compressed data.

The client receives a Bad      Ensure that the parameters passed to the
Match or Bad Value X           protocol requests function are properly coded
error.                         and within range limits.
The client receives a Alloc    Use less server resources when the XIE request
X error.                       generating the error is invoked. For example,
                               reduce the number of windows, the number of
                               images in the server, and so on.
No image or a partial image    Ensure that the transported image is properly
is displayed.                  coded by verifying the content of the image file at
                               the client and verifying the client application.
                                                      Solving Problems 31



Symptom                   Suggested Solution

Display Problems: Programmer-Related

                          Check the image board by running the power-up
                          diagnostics. Turn the system box’s l O power
                          switch off (O) and on ( | ).
                          Report the error on the screen to Digital
                          Customer Services.
                                                                  A
A
Specifications

This appendix lists site planning specifications for the VR315 and VR319
monitors. Refer to the ‘‘Specifications’’ appendix in the Installing and
Using the VT1200 Video Terminal guide for additional information.

Site Planning
                          Weight        Height      Width         Depth
VR315 monitor             13 kg         400 mm      400 mm        395 mm
                          (29 lb)       (15.7 in)   (15.7 in)     (15.4 in)
VR319 monitor             27.2 kg       457 mm      495 mm        452 mm
                          (60 lb)       (18 in)     (19.5 in)     (17.8 in)


Display
VR315 CRT                    380 mm (15 inch) monochrome screen
      resolution             100 dots/inch
VR319 CRT                    485 mm (19 inch) monochrome screen
      resolution             100 dots/inch




32
                                                                   B
                                                                          B
                         Options and Documentation

This appendix lists the manuals related to the DECimage 1200 video
terminal. Refer to the ‘‘Options and Documentation’’ appendix in the
Installing and Using the VT1200 Video Terminal guide for a listing and
ordering information for options, modems, cables, and other manuals.

Related Documentation
You can order the following related documents from Digital:
DEC Image Utility Library Programmer Reference Manual       AA-PG62B-TE
Provides programmers with information on how to use
software routines to manipulate an image in an X window
image extension (XIE) environment.
DEC Image Utility Library for VMS Installation Guide        AA-PG63B-TE
DEC Image Utility Library for ULTRIX Installation Guide     AA-PG8AA-TK
Provides installers with information to install the Image
Utility Library on VMS systems or ULTRIX systems.
VT1000 / VT1200 / DECimage 1200 Service Guide               EK–V1000–SV
Provides qualified service personnel with information
to troubleshoot and repair the VT1000, VT1200, and
DECimage 1200 terminals.
VR315 Monitor Service Guide                                 EK–VR315–SV
Provides qualified service personnel with information to
troubleshoot and repair the VR315 monitor.
VR319 Monitor Service Guide                                 EK–VR319–SV
Provides qualified service personnel with information to
troubleshoot and repair the VR319 monitor.
VRE01 Service Guide                                         EK–VRE01–SV
Provides qualified service personnel with information to
troubleshoot and repair the VRE01 flat panel display.




                                                                          33
                                                                  C
C
X Window Image Extensions

The DECimage 1200 terminal includes X window image extensions (XIE),
an extension to the DECwindows server. With XIE:
•    The terminal can handle compressed images for display.
•    The server can manipulate the images while accepting user input and
     client-based application programs.
The XIE server for the terminal uses a subset of the XIE protocol to
display document-size, bitonal images only.

The XIE Subset
Table C–1 lists the XIE requests that the terminal supports. When you
use XIE requests in programs, you must obey the following rules and
restrictions so your program will be compatible with the XIE server.

Pipelines
Always use pipelines to display images on the terminal.
XIE uses process control services, known as pipelines, to allow a client
to create and execute linear, macro-like assemblies of protocol primitives.
Pipelining is a single threaded list of XIE protocol functions through
which image data flows sequentially.
When you construct pipelines for the terminal, the following restrictions
apply:
•    Pipeline definitions
     — Must use the following functions only: scale, crop, rotate, mirror,
       and export.
     — Must not have more than one scale, crop, rotate, mirror, and
       export function.
     — Must always end with the export function.
34
                                                  X Window Image Extensions 35



    — Prefer the following order: scale, crop, rotate, mirror, and export.
    — Must be limited to 15 pipeline definitions at one time.
•   After you display an image, free the resources used by the rendered
    image. Also, rerender from the transported image, if necessary.
•   Specify a request to rotate as 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees only.
•   Specify the width and height to be 0, or to match the width and height
    of the rotated source image. XIE ignores other values.
•   Specify the XIEP_TAP_PHOTOFLO request after the creation of the
    photoflo, which is when no elements are added to the pipeline. XIE
    ignores other taps.

Decompression Constraints
XIE limits image decompression to CCITT Group 3 and 4 images with
scaling widths of less than or equal to 32768 pixels. CCITT is the Comitè
Consultatif International de Télégraphique et Téléphonique, a standards
committee for the communication industry in Europe.

Scaling Constraints of the XIE Server
The server may adjust the scale factors used by the image board from
those specified in the XIEP_SCALE request. Any adjustment will be close
to the specified scale, but will not exceed the specified scale.
The server restricts the scale factors because of the word size of the image
                                                            
accelerator. To scale A pixels to B pixels, find the corresponding M and

                                             
N, respectively, that satisfy the following constraints.      should be as
close as possible to     , without exceeding      .
•   When scaling down              , the constraints are
         "!#
•   When scaling up 
                           $   % , the constraints are
    & '   ( )!*
XCopyArea and XCopyPlane Constraint
When displaying an image by copying from a pixmap to a partially
occluded window using XCopyArea or XCopyPlane, Xie may display
some or all of the image in reverse video in the window that is partially
occluded. You can correct the video sense of the image by removing the
occlusion and causing the image to be displayed again.
36 X Window Image Extensions



XIE Functions
Table C–1 describes the XIE functions that the terminal supports. The
table also describes restrictions for each function.

Table C–1 XIE Functions in the DECimage 1200 Terminal
Session Services               Description

XIEP_INIT_SESSION              Begins a client-extension server session.
                               Restrictions: None.
XIEP_SET_OP_DEFAULTS           Establishes or modifies operational defaults.
                               Restrictions: Bits/pixel parameter value
                               must be 1.
XIEP_QUERY_OP_DEFAULTS         Queries operational defaults.
                               Restrictions: None.
XIEP_TERM_SESSION              Ends a client-extension server session.
                               Restrictions: None.


Resource Services              Description

XIEP_CREATE_BY_VALUE           Creates a new server resource object.
                               Restrictions: Resource-manipulation
                               parameter values are restricted to those
                               compatible with bitonal images.
XIEP_CREATE_BY_                Creates a new server resource object.
REFERENCE
                               Restrictions: Resource-manipulation
                               parameter values are restricted to those
                               compatible with bitonal images.
XIEP_DELETE_RESOURCE           Deletes an existing resource object.
                               Restrictions: None.
                                            X Window Image Extensions 37



Table C–1 (Cont.) XIE Functions in the DECimage 1200 Terminal
Resource Services             Description

XIEP_QUERY_RESOURCE           Queries an existing server resource object.
                              Restrictions: Resource-manipulation
                              parameter values are restricted to those
                              compatible with bitonal images.
XIEP_EXPORT                   Creates a new server PIXMAP resource
                              object.
                              Restrictions: None.
XIEP_FREE_EXPORT              Frees the export context.
                              Restrictions: None.
XIEP_QUERY_EXPORT             Queries the export context.
                              Restrictions: None.


Transport Services            Description

XIEP_SET_TRANSPORT            Establishes the required transport context
                              information.
                              Restrictions: Does not support a DCT
                              compression scheme.
XIEP_ABORT_TRANSPORT          Stops the required transport context
                              information.
                              Restrictions: None.
XIEP_PUT_TILE                 Transports random tiles of uncompressed
                              image data from the client to the server.
                              Restrictions: None.
XIEP_PUT_STREAM               Transports a stream of compressed or
                              uncompressed image data from the client
                              to the server.
                              Restrictions: Does not support a DCT
                              compression scheme.
38 X Window Image Extensions



Table C–1 (Cont.) XIE Functions in the DECimage 1200 Terminal

Geometric                      Description

XIEP_SCALE                     Scales the image in x and y directions.
                               Restrictions: Limits the scale factor within
                               specifications. See the ‘‘Scaling Constraints
                               of the XIE Server’’ section.
XIEP_ROTATE                    Rotates the image around the z axis.
                               Restrictions: Supports 0, 90, 180, and 270-
                               degree rotation only. The width and height
                               should either be 0 or match the width and
                               height of the rotated source image. XIE
                               ignores other values.
XIEP_MIRROR                    Rotates the image around the x or y axis, or
                               both.
                               Restrictions: None.
XIEP_CROP                      Extracts a subset of an image.
                               Restrictions: None.


Process Control Services       Description

XIEP_EXECUTE_PHOTOFLO          Begins the execution of a pipeline.
                               Restrictions: See the ‘‘Pipelines’’ section.
XIEP_ABORT_PHOTOFLO            Terminates (prematurely) the execution of a
                               pipeline.
                               Restrictions: None.
XIEP_BIND_PHOTOFLO             Binds a photomap to a photoflo.
                               Restrictions: None.
                                            X Window Image Extensions 39



Table C–1 (Cont.) XIE Functions in the DECimage 1200 Terminal
Process Control Services      Description

XIEP_TAP_PHOTOFLO             Captures the current output image of the
                              photoflo at the point where the tap was
                              issued.
                              Restrictions: Tap only at the beginning of
                              a pipeline (when empty). XIE ignores other
                              taps.
XIEP_SELECT_EVENTS            Selects the events that the client wishes to
                              be notified of.
                              Restrictions: None.
XIEP_QUERY_EVENTS             Queries which events the client will be
                              notified of.
                              Restrictions: None.
