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Distils public docs into reference/keyboard-mouse/PROTOCOL.md for the level-1 Keyboard (27) / Mouse (26) device tests: - keyboard: 4800 8N1 RS-423, self-test via FD -> 01 00 00 00 (errors 3D/3E) - mouse: 4800 8O1 RS-232, self-test via 'T' -> 4-byte report (errors 3D/3E, >=0x20 fatal) - separate ports: DUART2 A=keyboard, B=mouse (NOT daisy-chained) MAME already has an LK201 device (src/mame/dec/lk201.cpp/.h) but no DEC mouse.
238 lines
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238 lines
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||
</g>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg></a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="dec/">DEC</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<h1>LK201 Keyboard</h1>
|
||
<p>The VT320 came with an LK201 keyboard, although it works quite happily with
|
||
an LK401, which comes with the newer VT420. I haven't had much luck deciphering
|
||
the initial conversation that takes place between the VT320 and an LK201 just
|
||
by running the VT320 firmware on my emulator. All I know so far is that the
|
||
terminal expects to see four bytes when the keyboard powers up. (That last
|
||
sentence sounds odd, because the keyboard obviously powers up at the same time
|
||
as the terminal. What I mean is that the keyboard has its own microcontroller,
|
||
a Motorola MC68HC05 and it does some of its own tests before talking to the
|
||
terminal).</p>
|
||
<p>Dan McMahill has produced a great document which explains the
|
||
<a href="https://www.netbsd.org/docs/Hardware/Machines/DEC/lk201.html">LK201
|
||
Keyboard Interface</a>. That helped explain what the first four bytes should
|
||
be, as well as explaining the characteristics of the serial link between the
|
||
terminal and the keyboard.</p>
|
||
<h2>Startup without errors</h2>
|
||
<p>I've now hacked into the keyboard wire and tapped off the data connections
|
||
into a 25-way D-type connector, so I can watch the initial conversation on
|
||
my shiny ARC Protocol Analyser. The conversation below is between
|
||
a VT320 with Rev 1.2 firmware and an LK201 with Rev D01 firmware.
|
||
I don't have any timing information for this, so it is occasionally unclear
|
||
which byte came first when one from each end is shown vertically aligned.
|
||
I believe that where two bytes are vertically aligned, the keyboard one
|
||
was sent first. That makes more sense, though I haven't proved it.</p>
|
||
<pre style="overflow:scroll">
|
||
|
||
All bytes are shown in hex. VT = terminal, KB = keyboard.
|
||
|
||
VT 55 11 8F 13 82 11 8F 13 83 11 8F 13 84 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 84
|
||
KB 01 00 00 00 B6 BA
|
||
|
||
VT 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 84 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 88 11 8F 13 89 11 8F 13 90
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT FD 0A 80 12 81 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82 5A 82 62 82 6A 82 72 82
|
||
KB 01 00 00 00 BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA
|
||
|
||
VT A2 78 64 9E 7A 64 9E 7C 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80 11 8E 13 81 FD
|
||
KB BA BA 01 00 00
|
||
|
||
VT 0A 80 12 81 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82 5A 82 62 82 6A 82 72 82 A2 78 64
|
||
KB 00 BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA
|
||
|
||
VT 9E 7A 64 9E 7C 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80 A7 11 8E 13 81 11 8F 13 80
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
<p>All of the above conversation takes place during the terminal's POST
|
||
(Power-on Self Test) before a single key has been pressed! However, it is
|
||
repetitive and I've decoded it with the help of Dan's document and
|
||
correspondence with him.</p>
|
||
<p>When the VT sends <code>13</code> or <code>11</code> followed by one byte,
|
||
it is turning one or
|
||
more of the keyboard LEDs on or off, respectively. Having disregarded these,
|
||
the next biggest chunk of commands and responses are to do with setting up
|
||
the modes of certain keyboard divisions, ie. whether the keyboard should
|
||
report key up and/or key down transitions and whether auto-repeat is enabled.</p>
|
||
<pre style="overflow:scroll">
|
||
|
||
div mm rr
|
||
0A 80 -> 0 0001 01 0 100000 00 Set keyboard division 1 (letter keys)
|
||
to autodown mode and use autorepeat
|
||
register 0.
|
||
12 81 -> 0 0010 01 0 100000 01 Div 2 (numeric keypad), autodown, reg 1
|
||
|
||
1A 80 -> 0 0011 01 0 100000 00 Div 3 (Delete key), autodown, reg 0
|
||
|
||
3A 81 -> 0 0111 01 0 100000 00 Div 7 (left/right arrows), autodown, reg 0
|
||
|
||
42 81 -> 0 1000 01 0 100000 01 Div 8 (up/down arrows), autodown, reg 1
|
||
|
||
4A 82 -> 0 1001 01 0 100000 10 Div 9 (E1-E6), autodown, reg 2
|
||
5A 82 -> 0 1011 01 0 100000 10 Div 11 (F6-F10), autodown, reg 2
|
||
62 82 -> 0 1100 01 0 100000 10 Div 12 (F11-F14), autodown, reg 2
|
||
6A 82 -> 0 1101 01 0 100000 10 Div 13 (Help,Do), autodown, reg 2
|
||
72 82 -> 0 1110 01 0 100000 10 Div 14 (F17-F20), autodown, reg 2
|
||
|
||
A2 -> 1 0100 01 0 Div 4 (Tab key), autodown, default repeat</pre>
|
||
<p>The keyboard responds with <code>BA</code> to acknowledge these commands.
|
||
The autorepeat rate in the four available registers is programmed by the
|
||
next group of commands, which each have three bytes.</p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
|
||
rr timeout rate
|
||
78 64 9E -> 01111 00 0 0 1100100 1 0011110
|
||
7A 64 9E -> 01111 01 0 0 1100100 1 0011110
|
||
7C 64 9E -> 01111 10 0 0 1100100 1 0011110
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
<p>Autorepeat registers 0, 1 and 2 are programmed to the same settings: timeout
|
||
of 500ms before starting to repeat (100 * 5ms) and 30 repeats per
|
||
second.</p>
|
||
<h2>Startup with errors</h2>
|
||
<p>I recorded the following conversation of the startup sequence while holding
|
||
down the left shift key. The keyboard changes its POST results string from
|
||
<code>01 00 00 00</code> to one that incorporates the keycode of the key that
|
||
is held down, in this case, <code>01 00 3D AE</code>. When the terminal sees this,
|
||
it resets the terminal several times in the hope that the key will be lifted.
|
||
If it isn't lifted, the terminal still performs the full setup on the keyboard,
|
||
but will repeat the setup when the keyboard reports that everything is OK again.</p>
|
||
<pre style="overflow:scroll">
|
||
|
||
All bytes are shown in hex. VT = terminal, KB = keyboard.
|
||
|
||
VT 55 11 8F 13 82 11 8F 13 83 11 8F 13 84 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 84
|
||
KB 01 00 3D AE
|
||
|
||
VT 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 84 11 8F 13 85 11 8F 13 88 11 8F 13 89 11 8F 13 90
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT FD FD FD 0A 80 12 81 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82
|
||
KB 01 00 3D AE 01 00 3D AE 01 00 3D AE
|
||
|
||
VT 5A 82 62 82 6A 82 72 82 A2 78 64 9E 7A 64 9E 7C 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT 11 8E 13 81 FD 0A 80 12 81 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82 5A 82 62 82
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT 6A 82 72 82 A2 78 64 9E 7A 64 9E 7C 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80 0A 80 12 81
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82 5A 82 62 82 6A 82 72 82 A2 78 64 9E 7A 64 9E 7C
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
VT 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80 11 8E 13 81 11 8F 13 80
|
||
KB
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
<p>While typing this in I notice that I've not recorded the keyboard's
|
||
acknowledgement of mode changes (the single byte <code>BA</code>) but you
|
||
can mentally insert them in the same positions as the first conversation.</p>
|
||
<p>When the stuck key is released, the keyboard immediately sends the POST
|
||
results to report everything is OK and the terminal reciprocates by performing
|
||
the autorepeat setups.</p>
|
||
<pre style="overflow:scroll">
|
||
|
||
All bytes are shown in hex. VT = terminal, KB = keyboard.
|
||
|
||
VT 0A 80 12 81 1A 80 3A 81 42 81 4A 82 5A 82 62 82 6A 82 72 82 A2
|
||
KB 01 00 00 00 BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA
|
||
|
||
VT 78 64 9E 7A 64 9E 7C 64 9E 99 E3 11 8F 13 80
|
||
KB BA BA
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<footer>
|
||
Copyright 1998 <a href="https://hisdeedsaredust.com">Paul Flo Williams</a>.
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|