Add load capacitors to 16 MHz crystal (C14, C15) The crystal has a specified load capacitance of 8 pF. The AT86RF230 has an internal capacitor array that can be trimmed in 16 steps from 0 pF to 4.5 pF. The crystal has a nominal tolerance of 15 ppm at 25 C plus a temperature tolerance of 15 ppm. The following deviations from 1 MHz at CLKM were measured with the CNTR board, roughly at 20-25 C: Board Error Meas. accuracy C14/C15 Trim (f, ppm) (ppm, nom.) (pF) (pF) --------------- --------------- --------------- ------------ -------- 2, "orange" +268 99.6 NC 0 +266 99.5 NC 0 +266 40.0 NC 0 +148 99.8 NC 3.0 +147 99.7 NC 3.0 +147 40.0 NC 3.0 +111 100.0 NC 4.5 +110 99.8 NC 4.5 - 13 99.9 15 0 - 14 100.0 15 0 + 11 99.9 12 0 + 11 99.6 12 0 (cleanup) + 14 100.0 12 0 + 14 100.0 12 0 1, "red" +263 99.7 NC 0 +263 100.0 NC 0 +107 99.3 NC 4.5 +108 100.0 NC 4.5 + 24 99.8 10 0 + 24 100.0 10 0 - 9 99.7 10 4.5 - 9 100.0 10 4.5 (cleanup) + 14 100.0 12 0 + 14 100.0 12 0 (Multiple measurements to assess CNTR performance and drift. Note that CNTR measurements are repeatable within 1 ppm, so the nominal accuracy appears to be far too pessimistic.) These measurements suggest that, combined with parasitic capacitance, load capacitors of 12 pF make the crystal roughly half the trim range faster than 16 MHz.