#pypp 0
// Iris: micro-kernel for a capability-based operating system.
// bootstrap/init.ccp: Bootstrapping code.
// Copyright 2009 Bas Wijnen <wijnen@debian.org>
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#include "devices.hh"
#include "iris.hh"
#include <elf.h>

#define NUM_SLOTS 8
#define NUM_CAPS 32

enum Cap_codes:
	SYSREQ = 1 << 16
	THREAD

static unsigned _free
extern unsigned _end

void init_alloc ():
	_free = ((unsigned)&_end + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & PAGE_MASK

char *alloc_space (unsigned pages):
	unsigned ret = (_free + PAGE_SIZE - 1) & PAGE_MASK
	_free = ret + (pages << PAGE_BITS)
	return (char *)ret

void *operator new[] (unsigned size):
	//kdebug ("new ")
	void *ret = (void *)_free
	size = (size + 3) & ~3
	unsigned rest = PAGE_SIZE - (((_free - 1) & ~PAGE_MASK) + 1)
	if rest < size:
		unsigned pages = ((size - rest) + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_BITS
		for unsigned p = 0; p < pages; ++p:
			Kernel::Page page = Kernel::my_memory.create_page ()
			page.set_flags (Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME, Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME)
			Kernel::my_memory.map (page, _free + rest + (p << PAGE_BITS))
			Kernel::free_cap (page)
	_free += size
	//kdebug_num ((unsigned)ret)
	//kdebug ("+")
	//kdebug_num (size)
	//kdebug ("\n")
	return ret

void *operator new (unsigned size):
	return new char[size]

struct file:
	unsigned size
	// Only the first 16 characters of the name are used, because that's much easier.
	// This means that file names must be different in the first 16 characters if sort order matters.
	char name[16]
	String string

static unsigned num_files
static file *files
static unsigned *index
static Kernel::Memory top_memory
static unsigned slot
static unsigned max_pages
static char *mapping
static unsigned current_thread
static Kernel::Caps terminals
static unsigned terminal_slot
static Kernel::Caps memories
static unsigned memory_slot

// Get the initial block device and filesystem.
static Directory receive_devices ():
	String data
	Filesystem fs
	bool have_data = false, have_fs = false
	Device fs_dev, data_dev
	for unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i:
		Kernel::wait ()
		if Kernel::recv.data[0].l != Parent::PROVIDE_DEVICE:
			kdebug ("Invalid bootstrap request.\n")
			Kernel::panic (0)
		switch Kernel::recv.data[1].l:
			case String::ID:
				if have_data:
					kdebug ("duplicate device.\n")
					Kernel::panic (0)
				data_dev = Kernel::get_arg ()
				Kernel::recv.reply.invoke ()
				have_data = true
				break
			case Filesystem::ID:
				if have_fs:
					kdebug ("duplicate filesystem.\n")
					Kernel::panic (0)
				fs_dev = Kernel::get_arg ()
				Kernel::recv.reply.invoke ()
				have_fs = true
				break
			default:
				kdebug ("unexpected device: ")
				kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[1].l)
				kdebug_char ('\n')
				Kernel::panic (0)
	// Initialize the root file system.
	data = data_dev.create_user (Kernel::my_memory)
	data_dev.use (data)
	fs = fs_dev.create_user (Kernel::my_memory)
	fs_dev.use (fs)
	Directory root = fs.use_device_ro (data.copy ())
	Kernel::free_cap (data)
	Kernel::free_cap (fs)
	Kernel::free_cap (data_dev)
	Kernel::free_cap (fs_dev)
	return root

// Make a list of all files.
static void list_files (Directory root):
	Kernel::Num fullsize = root.get_size ()
	if fullsize.h != 0:
		kdebug ("Too many files in bootstrap directory:")
		kdebug_num (fullsize.h)
		kdebug (":")
		kdebug_num (fullsize.l)
		kdebug ("\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
	num_files = fullsize.l
	files = new file[num_files]
	Kernel::Caps caps = Kernel::my_memory.create_caps (num_files)
	unsigned slot = Kernel::alloc_slot ()
	caps.use (slot)
	Kernel::free_cap (caps)
	for unsigned i = 0; i < num_files; ++i:
		String n = root.get_name (i)
		n.get_chars (0, files[i].name)
		Kernel::free_cap (n)
		Kernel::set_recv_arg (Kernel::Cap (slot, i))
		files[i].string = root.get_file_ro (i)
		Kernel::Num fullsize = files[i].string.get_size ()
		if fullsize.h != 0:
			kdebug ("initial file size too large: ")
			kdebug_num (fullsize.h)
			kdebug (":")
			kdebug_num (fullsize.l)
			kdebug (".\n")
			Kernel::panic (0)
		files[i].size = fullsize.l
		if max_pages < (fullsize.l + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_BITS:
			max_pages = (fullsize.l + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_BITS

// Sort the list of files.
static bool is_less (file *f1, file *f2):
	for unsigned i = 0; i < 16; ++i:
		if f1->name[i] < f2->name[i]:
			return true
		if f1->name[i] > f2->name[i]:
			return false
	return false

// Bubble sort.
static void sort ():
	index = new unsigned[num_files]
	index[0] = 0
	// Invariant: index[0...f-1] is sorted.
	for unsigned f = 1; f < num_files; ++f:
		// Bubble up until top.  Test for less-than, because it wraps to maxunsigned.
		unsigned i
		// Invariant: index[0...f] \ index[i+1] is sorted and index[i+1...f] is sorted.
		for i = f - 1; i < f; --i:
			if is_less (&files[index[i]], &files[f]):
				break
			index[i + 1] = index[i]
		index[i + 1] = f

static void run (file *f, bool priv, int id):
	Kernel::Memory mem = Kernel::Cap (memory_slot, id)
	Kernel::set_recv_arg (mem)
	top_memory.create_memory ()
	unsigned num_pages = (f->size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_BITS
	for unsigned p = 0; p < num_pages; ++p:
		//kdebug_num (p)
		//kdebug ("/")
		//kdebug_num (num_pages)
		//kdebug ("\n")
		Kernel::set_recv_arg (Kernel::Cap (slot, p))
		Kernel::my_memory.create_page ()
		Kernel::Page (slot, p).set_flags (Kernel::Page::PAYING, Kernel::Page::PAYING)
		f->string.get_page (p << PAGE_BITS, Kernel::Cap (slot, p))
		Kernel::my_memory.map (Kernel::Cap (slot, p), (unsigned)&mapping[p << PAGE_BITS])
	Kernel::Thread thread = mem.create_thread (NUM_SLOTS)
	if priv:
		thread.make_priv ()
	Elf32_Ehdr *header = (Elf32_Ehdr *)mapping
	for unsigned j = 0; j < SELFMAG; ++j:
		if header->e_ident[j] != ELFMAG[j]:
			kdebug ("invalid ELF magic\n")
			Kernel::panic (0)
			return
	if header->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS32:
		kdebug ("invalid ELF class:")
		kdebug_num (header->e_ident[EI_CLASS])
		kdebug (" != ")
		kdebug_num (ELFCLASS32)
		kdebug ("\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	if header->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB:
		kdebug ("invalid ELF data\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	if header->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT:
		kdebug ("invalid ELF version\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	if header->e_type != ET_EXEC:
		kdebug ("invalid ELF type\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	if header->e_machine != EM_MIPS_RS3_LE && header->e_machine != EM_MIPS:
		kdebug ("invalid ELF machine\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	thread.set_pc (header->e_entry)
	thread.set_sp (0x80000000)
	for unsigned section = 0; section < header->e_shnum; ++section:
		Elf32_Shdr *shdr = (Elf32_Shdr *)((unsigned)mapping + header->e_shoff + section * header->e_shentsize)
		if ~shdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC:
			continue
		bool readonly = !(shdr->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE)
		//bool executable = shdr->sh_flags & SHF_EXEC_INSTR
		if shdr->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS:
			unsigned file_offset = shdr->sh_offset >> PAGE_BITS
			if (file_offset + ((shdr->sh_size + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_BITS)) >= (PAGE_SIZE >> 2):
				kdebug ("thread too large\n")
				Kernel::panic (0)
				return
			for unsigned p = (shdr->sh_addr & PAGE_MASK); p < shdr->sh_addr + shdr->sh_size; p += PAGE_SIZE:
				unsigned section_offset = (p - (shdr->sh_addr & PAGE_MASK)) >> PAGE_BITS
				unsigned idx = file_offset + section_offset
				Kernel::Page page = mem.mapping ((void *)p)
				if Kernel::recv.data[0].l == Kernel::NO_ERROR:
					// The address already has a mapping; assume that it is correct.
					Kernel::free_cap (page)
					continue
				Kernel::free_cap (page)
				page = mem.create_page ()
				unsigned f
				if readonly:
					f = Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::MAPPED_READONLY
				else:
					f = Kernel::Page::PAYING
				page.set_flags (f, f)
				Kernel::Page (slot, idx).share (page, 0)
				//kdebug ("mapping at ")
				//kdebug_num (p)
				//if readonly:
				//	kdebug (" (readonly)")
				//kdebug ("\n")
				if !mem.map (page, p):
					kdebug ("unable to map page\n")
					Kernel::panic (0)
					return
				Kernel::free_cap (page)
		else:
			if readonly:
				kdebug ("unwritable bss section\n")
				Kernel::panic (0)
				return
			for unsigned p = (shdr->sh_addr & PAGE_MASK); p < shdr->sh_addr + shdr->sh_size; p += PAGE_SIZE:
				Kernel::Page page = mem.mapping ((void *)p)
				if Kernel::recv.data[0].l == Kernel::NO_ERROR:
					// No error means there is a mapping.
					Kernel::free_cap (page)
					for unsigned a = p; a < ((p + PAGE_SIZE) & PAGE_MASK); a += 4:
						if a >= shdr->sh_addr + shdr->sh_size:
							break
						if a < shdr->sh_addr:
							continue
						((unsigned *)&mapping[p - shdr->sh_addr])[(a & ~PAGE_MASK) >> 2] = 0
				else:
					Kernel::free_cap (page)
					page = mem.create_page ()
					if Kernel::recv.data[0].l != Kernel::NO_ERROR:
						kdebug ("out of memory\n")
						Kernel::panic (0)
						return
					if !page.set_flags (Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME, Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME):
						kdebug ("out of memory\n")
						Kernel::panic (0)
						return
					if !mem.map (page, p):
						kdebug ("unable to map bss page\n")
						Kernel::panic (0)
						return
					Kernel::free_cap (page)
	for unsigned p = 0; p < num_pages; ++p:
		Kernel::my_memory.destroy (Kernel::Page (slot, p))
	Kernel::Page stackpage = mem.create_page ()
	stackpage.set_flags (Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME, Kernel::Page::PAYING | Kernel::Page::FRAME)
	if Kernel::recv.data[0].l != Kernel::NO_ERROR || !mem.map (stackpage, 0x7ffff000):
		kdebug ("unable to map initial stack page\n")
		Kernel::panic (0)
		return
	Kernel::free_cap (stackpage)
	Kernel::Caps caps = mem.create_caps (NUM_CAPS)
	thread.use (caps, 0)
	thread.set_info (Kernel::Thread::A0, NUM_SLOTS)
	thread.set_info (Kernel::Thread::A1, NUM_CAPS)
	Kernel::Receiver receiver = mem.create_receiver ()
	receiver.set_owner (thread.copy ())
	Kernel::Cap call = receiver.create_call_capability ()
	Kernel::Cap parent = Kernel::my_receiver.create_capability (Kernel::Num (current_thread++, THREAD))
	caps.set (__receiver_num, receiver.copy ())
	caps.set (__thread_num, thread.copy ())
	caps.set (__memory_num, mem.copy ())
	caps.set (__call_num, call.copy ())
	caps.set (__parent_num, parent.copy ())
	thread.run ()
	Kernel::free_cap (receiver)
	Kernel::free_cap (thread)
	Kernel::free_cap (call)
	Kernel::free_cap (parent)
	Kernel::free_cap (caps)

static void kdebug_name (char const *t, file *f):
	kdebug (t)
	for unsigned j = 0; j < 16; ++j:
		if f->name[j] != 0:
			kdebug_char (f->name[j])
	kdebug ("...")

static Device sysreq_dev

struct Dev:
	static Dev *devs
	static unsigned num_devs
	Dev *next
	unsigned code, idx, id
	Device dev
	static Dev *find (unsigned c, unsigned i):
		for Dev *d = devs; d; d = d->next:
			if d->code == c && d->idx == i:
				return d
		return NULL
	static void add (unsigned c, unsigned i, Kernel::Cap cap):
		if c == Keyboard::ID && i == 1:
			sysreq_dev = cap
			return
		while find (c, i):
			++i
		Dev *d = new Dev ()
		d->next = devs
		d->code = c
		d->idx = i
		d->dev = cap
		devs = d
		d->id = num_devs++
	static void kdebug_list ():
		for Dev *d = devs; d; d = d->next:
			kdebug (">")
			kdebug_num (d->code)
			kdebug (":")
			kdebug_num (d->idx)

Dev *Dev::devs
unsigned Dev::num_devs

static void handle_init (unsigned id):
	while true:
		Kernel::wait ()
		switch Kernel::recv.data[0].l:
			case Parent::PROVIDE_DEVICE:
				kdebug ("adding dev ")
				kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[1].l)
				kdebug (":")
				kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[0].h)
				kdebug (" as ")
				kdebug_num (Dev::num_devs)
				kdebug ("\n")
				Kernel::Cap reply = Kernel::get_reply ()
				Dev::add (Kernel::recv.data[1].l, Kernel::recv.data[0].h, Kernel::get_arg ())
				reply.invoke ()
				Kernel::free_cap (reply)
				break
			case Parent::INIT_DONE:
				memories.set (id + num_files, Kernel::get_reply ())
				return
			default:
				kdebug ("unknown init request\n")
				Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.data[0].l)

static void get_device ():
	Kernel::Cap reply = Kernel::get_reply ()
	unsigned id = Kernel::recv.protected_data.l
	Dev *d = Dev::find (Kernel::recv.data[1].l, Kernel::recv.data[0].h)
	if d:
		kdebug ("giving dev ")
		kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[1].l)
		kdebug (":")
		kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[0].h)
		kdebug (" = ")
		kdebug_num (d->id)
		kdebug (" to ")
		kdebug_num (id)
		kdebug ("\n")
		Kernel::Cap cap = Kernel::Caps (terminal_slot, id).get (d->id)
		d->dev.use (cap)
		reply.invoke (0, 0, cap.copy ())
		Kernel::free_cap (cap)
	else:
		kdebug ("device not found: ")
		kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[1].l)
		kdebug (":")
		kdebug_num (Kernel::recv.data[0].h)
		Dev::kdebug_list ()
		kdebug ("\n")
		reply.invoke (~0, ~0)
		Kernel::panic (0)
	Kernel::free_cap (reply)

Kernel::Num start ():
	// Wait for the debugging device to be active, in case there is one.
	Kernel::schedule ()
	Dev::devs = NULL
	Dev::num_devs = 0
	init_alloc ()
	top_memory = Kernel::get_top_memory ()
	Directory root = receive_devices ()
	root.lock_ro ()
	list_files (root)
	sort ()
	Kernel::Caps caps = Kernel::my_memory.create_caps (max_pages)
	slot = caps.use ()
	mapping = alloc_space (max_pages)
	terminals = Kernel::my_memory.create_caps (num_files)
	terminal_slot = terminals.use ()
	// Two times, because it holds the memory and the init_done reply for each task.
	memories = Kernel::my_memory.create_caps (num_files * 2)
	memory_slot = memories.use ()
	for unsigned i = 0; i < num_files; ++i:
		kdebug_name ("loading ", &files[index[i]])
		run (&files[index[i]], files[index[i]].name[0] == '#', i)
		kdebug ("running\n")
		handle_init (i)
	// Notify all programs that they may start.
	for unsigned i = 0; i < num_files; ++i:
		Kernel::Cap (memory_slot, i + num_files).invoke ()
	// create terminals.
	for unsigned i = 0; i < num_files; ++i:
		Kernel::Caps term (terminal_slot, i)
		Kernel::Memory mem (memory_slot, i)
		Kernel::set_recv_arg (term)
		mem.create_caps (Dev::num_devs)
		unsigned termslot = term.use ()
		for Dev *d = Dev::devs; d; d = d->next:
			Kernel::set_recv_arg (Kernel::Cap (termslot, d->id))
			// The 0x15000 is for the Display; the others don't care about it.
			d->dev.create_user (mem, 0, 0x15000)
		Kernel::free_slot (termslot)
	// set up system request.
	Keyboard sysreq = sysreq_dev.create_user (Kernel::my_memory)
	sysreq_dev.use (sysreq)
	Kernel::free_cap (sysreq_dev)
	Kernel::Cap cap = Kernel::my_receiver.create_capability (Kernel::Num (0, SYSREQ))
	sysreq.set_cb (cap.copy ())
	Kernel::free_cap (sysreq)
	Kernel::free_cap (cap)
	kdebug ("init done\n")
	root.unlock_ro ()
	Kernel::free_slot (slot)
	Kernel::my_memory.destroy (caps)
	while true:
		Kernel::wait ()
		switch Kernel::recv.protected_data.h:
			case SYSREQ:
				// System request.
				if Kernel::recv.data[0].l & Keyboard::RELEASE:
					continue
				kdebug ("system request...\n")
				continue
			case THREAD:
				// Request for something from a child thread.
				switch Kernel::recv.data[0].l:
					case Parent::INIT_DONE:
						Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.protected_data.l, "double init_done")
					case Parent::PROVIDE_DEVICE:
						Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.protected_data.l, "too late now for provide")
					case Parent::GET_DEVICE:
						get_device ()
						break
					case Parent::EXIT:
						Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.protected_data.l, "exit is not supported")
					default:
						Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.data[0].l, "invalid operation from child")
				break
			default:
				Kernel::panic (Kernel::recv.protected_data.h, "unknown source of request")