555 lines
15 KiB
TeX
555 lines
15 KiB
TeX
\documentclass[14pt,trans]{beamer}
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\usepackage{color}
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage{colortbl}
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\usepackage{soul}
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\usefonttheme{structurebold}
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\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
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\setbeamertemplate{items}[ball]
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%\setbeamersize{sidebar width left=-5mm}
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\title{\Large Making Copyleft Hardware}
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\author{Werner Almesberger \\\url{werner@almesberger.net}}
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\date{June 30, 2011}
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\setul{}{1.5pt}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{frame}
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\titlepage
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\end{frame}
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% --- Overview ----------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Overview}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Copyleft Hardware: what and why ?
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\item Tools
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\item Qi-Hardware projects
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\item DOs and DON'Ts
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- What is Copyleft Hardware -----------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{What is Copyleft Hardware ?}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Principles similar to Free Software, \\
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applied to hardware
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\item Design {\color{red}\underline{and}} manufacturing
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\item All material under open licenses: \\
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GPL, GFDL, CC-BY, CC-BY-SA
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\item Friendly to Free Software
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Hardware vs. Software ---------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Hardware vs. Software}
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\setlength\minrowclearance{4pt}
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\setlength\arrayrulewidth{1pt}
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\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
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\hline
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\rowcolor[rgb]{0.9,0.9,0.5}
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\bf Concept &\bf Software & \bf Hardware \\
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\hline
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Source & Program text & Schematics, Layout \\
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\rowcolor[gray]{0.9}
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Editor & Text editor & EDA system \\
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Conversion & Compiler, etc. & EDA system \\
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\rowcolor[gray]{0.9}
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Testing & Run & Prototype(s) \\
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Debugging & Debugger & Lab instruments \\
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\rowcolor[gray]{0.9}
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Duplication & Download & Manufacturing, \\
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\rowcolor[gray]{0.9}
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& (perfect copy) & Testing \\
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Distribution & Internet & Shipping, Customs \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{frame}
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% --- The Four Freedoms -------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{The Four Freedoms}
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According to The Free Software Definition: $[1]$
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item[0]<2-> Run the program
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Use the hardware
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\end{itemize}
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\item[1]<3-> Study the source
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Study design files (schematics and layout)
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\end{itemize}
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\item[1]<4-> Adapt the source to your needs
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Adapt design files
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\item Access to the tools
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\end{itemize}
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\item[2$-$3]<5-> Redistribute copies (including modifications)
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Redistribute design files
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\item Build or produce the hardware
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\end{itemize}
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\end{enumerate}
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{\small $[1]$~\url{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html}}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Why Copyleft Hardware ---------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Why Copyleft Hardware ?}
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One can $\ldots$
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\setbeamertemplate{items}[default]
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\begin{itemize}
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\item learn from it (also small details)
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\item know what is happening inside the ``black box''
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\begin{itemize}
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\item No spyware
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\item Analyze (mis)behaviour
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\end{itemize}
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\item adapt design for new uses or contexts
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\item reuse parts of design in other projects
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\item achieve longevity by $\ldots$
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\begin{itemize}
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\item fixing/updating/enhancing the design
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\item repairing/modifying devices
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\item producing more/updated devices
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\end{itemize}
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\item choose suitable manufacturing site
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Workflow ----------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Workflow}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{flow.pdf}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Tools: KiCad ------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Tools: KiCad}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=50mm]{kicad.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{12cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Main devs: Jean-Pierre Charras, Dick Hollenbeck
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\item Complete EDA solution
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\item Text files $\rightarrow$ extensible
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\item Free Software: GPL, LGPL
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Tools: Schematics History -----------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Tools: Schematics History}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=4.5cm]{schhist.png}
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\qquad
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\includegraphics[height=4cm]{USB.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Schematics revision history
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\item Visual highlighting of changes
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\item Web output (HTML, PNG, PDF)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Tools: Footprint Editor (fped) ------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Tools: Footprint Editor (fped)}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=6cm]{fped.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Parametric
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\item GUI or text-based
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\item Automatic measurements
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- More Tools --------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{More Tools}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}[l]{8cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Data sheet viewer (dsv)
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Work around non-distribution
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\item Download and cache
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\item Quick access \\
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{\tt dsv mcu}
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\end{itemize}
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\item Gerber renderer (prettygerbv)
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Combine Gerber and Excellon
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\item Realistic coloring
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\end{itemize}
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\item BOM processor
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Select components
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\item Find best supplier
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\item Make shopping list
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\end{itemize}
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\item Makefiles
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Shortcuts
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\item Fab output
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}[r]{4cm}
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\includegraphics[width=3cm]{atusb-front.png}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% === Qi-Hardware =============================================================
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% --- Qi-Hardware -------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Qi-Hardware}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Started by ex-Openmokoers
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\item Collection of loosely connected projects
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\item Copyleft Hardware with Free Software
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\item Development and manufacturing
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\end{itemize}
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Products:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Ben NanoNote (Handheld computer)
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\item SIE (Development board)
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\item Universal Breakout Board (UBB)
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\item Ben-WPAN (IEEE 802.15.4 wireless)
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\item Milkymist One (FPGA-based Video synthesizer)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Ben NanoNote ------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Ben NanoNote}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=2.5cm]{Nano_cola.jpg}
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\end{center}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}[r]{6cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Objective: validate manufacturing process
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\item OEM dictionary design
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\item Runs Linux: OpenWrt, Jlime (OE-based)
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\item 336 MHz MIPS CPU (Ingenic Jz4720)
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\item 32MB RAM, 2GB NAND
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}[r]{6.5cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item QVGA LCD, keyboard
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\item USB device, 8:10 card, audio
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\item Manufactured by Sharism at Work Ltd.
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\item $\approx$1300 units sold
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\item Schematics open (KiCad)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- SIE ---------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{SIE}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width=38mm]{SIE_KICAD.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Objective: development board (educational)
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\item Loosely based on Ben design
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\item Joint work of
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)
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\item Tuxbrain S.L.
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\item Sharism Ltd.
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\end{itemize}
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\item Design 100\% open (with KiCad)
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\item Continues as Linux en-Caja
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- UBB ---------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{UBB}
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\includegraphics[width=40mm]{UBB_production_08.JPG}
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\quad
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\includegraphics[width=28mm]{ubb-vga-pub-plugged-medium.jpg}
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\quad
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\includegraphics[width=28mm]{ubb-vga-pub-1024-medium.jpg}
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\vskip10mm
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Universal Breakout Board
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%\begin{columns}
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% \begin{column}[l]{8cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Objective: easy DIY connection to Ben
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\item Original idea by Rikard Lindstrom
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\item Design 100\% open (with KiCad)
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\item Manufactured by Tuxbrain S.L.
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\item Example: ubb-vga
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Ben-WPAN ----------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Ben-WPAN}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width=30mm]{Atben_atusb_prod_03.jpg}
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\qquad
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\includegraphics[width=50mm]{Atben_atusb_prod_05.jpg}
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\end{center}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{12cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Objective: unencumbered wireless for the Ben
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\item IEEE 802.15.4 (LR-WPAN)
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\item 250 kbps (2 Mbps non-standard)
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\item Ben 8:10 card (atben), USB (atusb)
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\item Designed by Werner Almesberger
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\item Design 100\% open (with KiCad)
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\item Largely automated fabrication workflow
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\item Manufactured by \st{Sharism} Tuxbrain S.L.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Milkymist One -----------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Milkymist One}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}[l]{4cm}
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\includegraphics[width=5cm]{M1_dmx_video.jpg}
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\end{column}
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\begin{column}[r]{9cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Video synthesizer
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\item By ``one man army'' Sebastien Bourdeauducq
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\item Video in/out, audio, Ethernet, USB host, MIDI, $\ldots$
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\item FPGA-based (Lattice LM32 core)
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\item Verilog under GPL
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\item Proprietary FPGA tools
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\item LLHDL: work on Open synthesis tool
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\item Design files open (use Altium)
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\item Manufactured by Sharism
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Freedoms Status ---------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Freedom Status}
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\includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{achieve.pdf}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Running an Open Hardware Project ----------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Running an Open Hardware Project}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{12cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Have clear objectives
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\item Create opportunities to participate
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\item Pick your challenges wisely
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Set realistic goals
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\item Know what you can sacrifice
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\item Pay attention to manufacturability
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\end{itemize}
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\item Think about what follows
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Common Misconceptions ---------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Common Misconceptions}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{12cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item ``Let's make an iPhone/iPad''
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Bleeding edge components are hard to get
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\item They are hard to design for
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\item They are expensive
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\item There is fierce competition
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\item You're joining the race late
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\item ``Boy, did we patent it !''
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\end{itemize}
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\item ``There is no tomorrow'' or ``It must be perfect''
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Rampant featuritis \\
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$\Rightarrow$ Delays
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\item Try to be as up to date as possible \\
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$\Rightarrow$ Redesigns $\Leftrightarrow$ Delays
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Sourcing Pitfalls -------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Sourcing Pitfalls}
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\begin{columns}
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\begin{column}{12cm}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item ``I can get any chip I see on a vendor's Web site''
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\begin{itemize}
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\item You are too small
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\item Non-refundable fees
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\item Consider documentation
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\end{itemize}
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\item ``Once a chip is announced, we can use it''
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Delays until first (buggy) samples
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\item Some chips are test balloons
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\item Revisions may introduce drastic changes
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\end{itemize}
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\item Distributors
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Even large distributors don't stock everything
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\item Minimum Order Quantity
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\item Lead time
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{column}
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\end{columns}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Dodging Patents ---------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Dodging Patents}
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Potential opponents:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Big players (Apple, Nokia, Oracle, $\ldots$)
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\item Licensing firms (Sisvel, MPEG-LA, $\ldots$)
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\item Patent trolls
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\end{itemize}
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Some avoidance strategies:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Do not sell hardware
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\item Stay remote, small, poor, and out of the news
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\item Use old technology
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\item Avoid areas of on-going patent wars: \\
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Mobile communication, A/V codecs, Multitouch, $\ldots$
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\item Hope for the best
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{The Future}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Finishing Milkymist One
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\item Ben-WPAN firmware and Linux support
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\item Dreaming of Ya NanoNote
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\item Improve tools (BOM, LLHDL, layout history)
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\item Get better control of mechanical design
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\item Smarter marketing: sell our story better
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- URLs --------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{URLs}
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This presentation: \\
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\url{downloads.qi-hardware.com/people/werner/fisl12.pdf}
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\vskip2mm
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The Qi-Hardware project: \\
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\url{www.qi-hardware.com/}
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\vskip2mm
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Schematics history: \\
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\url{projects.qi-hardware.com/schhist/}
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\vskip2mm
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Footprint editor (fped): \\
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\url{svn.openmoko.org/trunk/eda/fped/README}
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\vskip2mm
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Milkymist: \\
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\url{milkymist.org/}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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% === Extra Slides ============================================================
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% --- Similar Projects --------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Similar Projects}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Arduino
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\item OpenPandora
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\item Openmoko Freerunner
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Arduino -----------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Arduino}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Modular embedded system (AVR-based)
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\item Easy to use environment
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\item Very popular
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\item Active community
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\item CC-BY-SA, GPL, LGPL
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\item EDA system: EAGLE
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\item \url{http://arduino.cc/}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- OpenPandora -------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{OpenPandora}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Non-open hardware
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\item A quagmire
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% --- Openmoko Freerunner -----------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}{Openmoko FreeRunner}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item GSM Smartphone
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\item Designed for Free Software
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\item Got a lot of attention
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\item ~10'000 units sold
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\item Openmoko Inc. changed course in 2009
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\item Schematics (PDF) available
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\item Design files (Mentor PADS) not available
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\item CAD files available
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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