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docs(termtris): port report, run wrapper and harness write-up
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Termtris - tetris game for terminals
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====================================
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> **VT1200 port:** this tree also builds a native TMS34010 program that runs
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> inside the VT1200 and draws through the terminal's own ROM Xlib. Build it with
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> `apps/termtris/build.sh` (see `apps/termtris/VT1200.md`) and run it with
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> `apps/termtris/run.sh`. The upstream backends (unix/ANSI, DOS, ADM3) are not
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> part of that build.
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About
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# termtris on the VT1200
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`apps/termtris/` is a port of John Tsiombikas' `termtris`
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(https://github.com/jtsiomb/termtris, commit `7c5435dd4e93ffc10f3b5c68fe1ae9718a365258`)
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that runs **inside the VT1200 as a native TMS34010 program**, drawing through
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the terminal's own ROM Xlib and reading real X11 key events from the local X
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server. There is no host process and no terminal escape output: the COFF is
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loaded into VT1200 RAM and executed by the TMS34010.
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## What runs where
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| piece | file | role |
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|---|---|---|
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| game rules | `src/game.c` (upstream) | unchanged logic; one portability edit (`srand((now_ms()))` instead of `time(0)`) |
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| term callbacks | `src/vt1200/x11.c` | 80×24 character-cell grid drawn with `XFillRectangle`/`XDrawString` |
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| event loop | `src/vt1200/main.c` | `XNextEvent` + `XLookupString`, key map, millisecond clock, `sleep()` |
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| scores | `src/vt1200/scoredb.c` | RAM-only high-score table (no filesystem) |
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| libc shims | `src/vt1200/compat.c`, `stdio.h`, `inttypes.h` | `sprintf`/`fflush`/`putchar`, fixed-width types |
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| Xlib | `src/vt1200/xlib.h` | ROM entry points by bit address, called with the TI C ABI |
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| startup | `src/vt1200/entry.asm`, `cinit.asm`, `cinitz.asm` | set `A14 = _cstack`, run the `.cinit` table, `calla _main` |
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| toolchain | `build.sh` | TI TMS340 Family Code Generation Tools r5.01 (1990-11) under 2ine |
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## Building
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```sh
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apps/termtris/build.sh src/vt1200/main.c src/game.c src/vt1200/scoredb.c \
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src/vt1200/x11.c src/vt1200/compat.c src/vt1200/xgfix.c
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```
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`build.sh` unpacks the r5.01 SDK zips, runs `gspac`/`gspopt`/`gspcg`/`gspa` and
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`gsplnk` through `lx_loader`, and writes `build/<main>.coff` + `.map`. Set
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`NINE=` to the 2ine build directory (default `/home/arti/os2-work/2ine/build`).
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The 2ine-hosted tools routinely segfault *after* producing their output, so the
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script treats an output file as success and retries a missing one; `gspac` needs
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`-i.` for the angle-bracket shim headers.
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Link map (relevant addresses are **bit** addresses, like everything the
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TMS34010 sees):
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```
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.text 018A0000 .data 018A0000 .cinit 018B4730
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.bss 01A00000
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ENTRY POINT SYMBOL: "_start" address: 018a0000
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```
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An empty `.cinit` makes the linker point `cinit` at `.text`, and the entry
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walker would then read an instruction as a record count; when the map says the
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section is empty `build.sh` relinks with the one-word `CINITZ.obj` terminator.
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## The Xlib context (the one thing that had to be discovered)
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A freshly `create_process`ed child has `*(*(proc + 0x100)) == NULL`. The ROM
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Xlib's `_XEnq` does `XG = *(*(proc+0x100)); free_list = *(XG + 0x198)`, so
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`XNextEvent` reads low-RAM garbage as queue nodes and delivers nothing. The
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port installs a zeroed 1 KiB block as the per-process Xlib context before
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`XOpenDisplay` (`src/vt1200/xgfix.c`), which is a RAM write only — the ROM is
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untouched. With that in place the smoke test receives a real
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`KeyPress (type=2, keycode=194)` and `XLookupString` returns `a`.
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## Rendering
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The frame is an 80×24 grid of 6×13 cells (the default GC font, baseline +10),
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so the window is 480×312. The VT1200 raster is **one bit deep**, so the backend
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follows the game's own monochrome convention (`ansi.c -m`): colour is dropped
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and the bold bit (`0x80`) reverses a cell. The playfield is therefore black
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spaces and the tetrominoes are the `[`/`]` tiles, exactly what a 1-bit terminal
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can show.
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`vt_x11_flush()` repaints whole rows rather than cells: one `XFillRectangle`
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for the row background, one `XDrawString` for its 80 characters, plus
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fill/string pairs for reversed spans, then a single `XFlush`. This matters. An
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earlier per-cell version (four requests per cell) filled the X socket faster
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than the in-machine server could drain it, and an `XSync` per row deadlocked
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the client: the debug progress marker stopped at row 20 (`0x00010014`) and the
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game never reached its main loop. Batching the row makes a full 80×24 redraw a
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few hundred bytes of requests and the loop runs (measured: 300+ iterations
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between frames 2500 and 3200).
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## Timing and input
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`now_ms()` accumulates the 16-bit counter at bit `0x1E93C0` into a 32-bit
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millisecond count; `sleep_ms()` calls the ROM `sleep` at `0x3FB33A20` with a
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1–10 ms clamp. The game's own `update()` decides the tick interval (887 ms at
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level 0).
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Keys arrive as X11 `KeyPress` events and go through `XLookupString`; letters are
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lower-cased and handed to `game_input()`. Arrows are sent as the game's own CSI
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codes (`0x9b` + `A`/`B`/`C`/`D`), which `game_input` translates back to
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`w`/`s`/`d`/`a`. `0x7F` is Backspace/Delete. `Expose` triggers a full redraw and
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`FocusOut` (only after a `FocusIn`) pauses the game.
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## Running it in MAME
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```sh
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apps/termtris/tests/play.sh # load, click, snapshot
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apps/termtris/tests/play_keys.sh # move / panels / quit acceptance runs
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apps/termtris/run.sh # same run, interactive session
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```
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Under the hood the loader payload is dropped at bit `0x01880000` and the COFF at
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`0x01900000`; at frame 2500 the script enters `dwt/loader/build/loader.bin`,
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which copies the sections to their linked addresses and calls
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`create_process`. The X server is already up because the run uses
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`VT1200_SKIP_LEVEL1=1` to reach the OS.
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## Evidence
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| file | what it shows |
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|---|---|
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| `evidence/termtris_frame3300.png` | the board, score/level/lines panels, preview and `Toggle (H)elp` |
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| `evidence/termtris_move_3200.png` | after `a d s w 0`: a piece has been moved/rotated/dropped to the bottom-left and a new one spawned |
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| `evidence/termtris_panels_3200.png` | after `h` and `r`: the help text and the high-score list (all `VT1200`) |
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| `evidence/termtris_quit_3200.png` | after `q`: same screen, and the run reports `quit=1` |
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| `evidence/render_frame3400.png` | the cell-grid renderer test pattern |
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Acceptance values from the last full run (`play_keys.sh`):
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```
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move DIAG: loops=333 events=18 focus=00400001 quit=0
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panels DIAG: loops=323 events=12 focus=00400001 quit=0
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quit DIAG: loops=277 events=10 focus=00400001 quit=1
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```
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`focus=00400001` is the termtris window, so the key events really were
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delivered to it, and `quit=1` is the game's own global after `q`.
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## Limits, stated plainly
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* **No sound.** The game's bell is a no-op.
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* **Scores are RAM-only.** `read_scores`/`save_score` keep ten entries in
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`.bss`; they vanish when the process exits. The VT1200 has no writable
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filesystem for a child.
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* **Startup is retried.** If `XOpenDisplay`/window creation fails while the
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display server is still settling, `main()` retries up to 40 times with a
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50 ms sleep before giving up. Observed as an intermittent early exit.
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* **`q` ends the game loop but the window stays on screen.** `quit=1` is
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observable in RAM; the created process does not tear down its X connection,
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so the server keeps the window.
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* **The board is text.** Tetrominoes are `[`/`]` tiles, not filled blocks — the
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only thing a 1-bit cell can show without a custom font.
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The ROM (`vt1200_v22.bin`, md5 `b46a3e442ccb86134d2356bd70d22fd2`) is never
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modified; the port lives entirely in RAM.
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Binary file not shown.
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*****************************************************
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TMS340 COFF Linker Version 5.01
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*****************************************************
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Tue Nov 03 20:01:11 2026
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Tue Nov 03 20:07:31 2026
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OUTPUT FILE NAME: <MAIN.out>
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ENTRY POINT SYMBOL: "_start" address: 018a0000
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Binary file not shown.
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Before Width: | Height: | Size: 20 KiB After Width: | Height: | Size: 19 KiB |
Executable
+39
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#!/bin/sh
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# run.sh -- load termtris into a running VT1200 OS under MAME and play it.
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#
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# apps/termtris/run.sh # click the window active, then play
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# apps/termtris/run.sh --build # rebuild the COFF first
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#
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# The emulated keyboard and tablet are driven by MAME's host input, so the
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# terminal's X cursor follows the host pointer. Quit with Ctrl-C in the
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# terminal running MAME, or press 'q' in the game (it stops the game loop).
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set -eu
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DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)
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ROOT=$(cd "$DIR/../.." && pwd)
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M=${MAME:-/home/arti/code/k-space/mame0289/vt1200}
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LOADER="$ROOT/dwt/loader/build/loader.bin"
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COFF="$DIR/build/termtris.coff"
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if [ "${1:-}" = "--build" ]; then
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"$DIR/build.sh" "$DIR/src/vt1200/main.c" "$DIR/src/game.c" \
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"$DIR/src/vt1200/scoredb.c" "$DIR/src/vt1200/x11.c" \
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"$DIR/src/vt1200/compat.c" "$DIR/src/vt1200/xgfix.c"
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fi
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if [ ! -f "$COFF" ]; then
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echo "run.sh: no $COFF (run with --build)" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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if [ ! -f "$LOADER" ]; then
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echo "run.sh: no loader payload at $LOADER" >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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# The game is loaded at frame 2500, once the OS X server is up.
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exec env VT1200_SKIP_LEVEL1=1 \
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LOADER_AT=2500 LOADER_END=100000000 \
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LOADER_BIN="$LOADER" LOADER_COFF="$COFF" LOADER_OUT="$DIR/build" \
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"$M" vt1200 -rompath "$ROOT/harness/mame/roms" \
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-skip_gameinfo -debug -debugger none \
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-autoboot_script "$DIR/tests/play.lua" -autoboot_delay 0
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@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@
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#include "xlib.h"
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int term_width, term_height;
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/* game.c globals main.c sets or reads; the real game supplies these */
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int onlyascii, use_gfxchar, monochrome;
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int quit;
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long tick_interval;
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volatile vt_u32 mark[128];
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void cleanup_game(void) {}
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void wait_display(void);
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int init_game(void)
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{
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mark[0] = 0x494E5054UL; /* INPT */
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@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ Reports in this directory:
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| `BRINGUP_LOG.md` | the whole bring-up narrative, **including withdrawn claims** — read it sceptically |
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| `ROMPATCH_REPORT.md` | runtime ROM patching (debug only — see the caveat) |
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| `HELLO_WORLD_REPORT.md` | the TMS34010 SDK assembles an 82-byte payload of **our own** code; it runs, writes RAM markers and paints a VRAM block. Debugger entry, not a delivery mechanism |
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| `TERMTRIS_REPORT.md` | the upstream tetris game built with the 1990 r5.01 C toolchain and run **inside** the terminal: ROM Xlib rendering, real X11 key events, the XG-context fix and the row-batched flush |
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## Address model (the important part)
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# TERMTRIS_REPORT — the upstream tetris game running inside the VT1200
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`apps/termtris/` builds **our own TMS34010 program** from John Tsiombikas'
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`termtris` (upstream commit `7c5435dd4e93ffc10f3b5c68fe1ae9718a365258`) with the
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1990 TI r5.01 C toolchain under 2ine, loads it into VT1200 RAM and runs it on
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the emulated terminal's own X server. It draws through the ROM Xlib and reads
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real X11 `KeyPress` events. No host client, no terminal escape output, no ROM
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patches.
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Full port documentation: `apps/termtris/VT1200.md`.
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## Build
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```
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apps/termtris/build.sh src/vt1200/main.c src/game.c src/vt1200/scoredb.c \
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src/vt1200/x11.c src/vt1200/compat.c src/vt1200/xgfix.c
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```
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`build.sh` runs `gspac`/`gspopt`/`gspcg`/`gspa` and `gsplnk` through
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`/home/arti/os2-work/2ine/build/lx_loader` against the r5.01 SDK zips under
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`tools/tms34010-sdk/1990-11 TMS340 Family SDK/`. Those 2ine-hosted tools
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frequently segfault after writing their output, so the wrapper treats an output
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file as success and retries a missing one. Two quirks are handled there:
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* `gspac` needs `-i.` for the angle-bracket shim headers;
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* an empty `.cinit` makes `cinit` point at `.text`, whose first instruction the
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entry walker would read as a record count — when the map reports `.cinit`
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length 0 the link is repeated with the one-word `CINITZ.obj` terminator.
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Result (map):
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```
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.text 018A0000 .cinit 018B4730 .bss 01A00000
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ENTRY POINT SYMBOL: "_start" address: 018a0000
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```
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These are **bit** addresses, as everywhere on the TMS34010.
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## The one required Xlib fix
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A child created by `create_process` has a NULL per-process Xlib context
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(`*(*(proc + 0x100))`). The ROM Xlib's `_XEnq` treats that as the queue head, so
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`XNextEvent` copies unmapped garbage and never returns an event.
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`src/vt1200/xgfix.c` writes a zeroed 1 KiB block into that per-process word
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before `XOpenDisplay`. RAM only; the ROM is unchanged.
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Smoke test evidence (`apps/termtris/tests/smoke.sh`):
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`type=2 keycode=194 lookup_n=1 ch=61 ks=0061` — a real `KeyPress` and
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`XLookupString` returning `a`.
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## Rendering and the flush deadlock
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80×24 cells of 6×13 px (the default GC font, baseline +10) → a 480×312 window.
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The raster is 1 bit deep, so the backend follows the game's own monochrome
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convention: colour is dropped and bold (`0x80`) reverses a cell. The playfield
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is black spaces; tetrominoes are the `[`/`]` tiles.
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`vt_x11_flush()` repaints **whole rows** — one fill for the row background, one
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`XDrawString` for its 80 characters, fill/string pairs for reversed spans, then
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a single `XFlush`. This is not an optimisation for looks:
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* the per-cell version (4 requests/cell) outran the in-machine X server;
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* an `XSync` per row **deadlocked the client** — the debug marker
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`_vt_x11_progress` froze at `0x00010014` (row 20), the main-loop counter
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stayed 0 and the game window never got a preview piece. Batching a row makes
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a full redraw a few hundred bytes and `loops` reached 300+ between frames
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2500 and 3200.
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## Timing and keys
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`now_ms()` accumulates the 16-bit counter at bit `0x1E93C0` into 32 bits;
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`sleep_ms()` calls the ROM `sleep` (`0x3FB33A20`) with a 1–10 ms clamp. The
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game's own `update()` picks the tick (887 ms at level 0).
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`KeyPress` → `XLookupString` → lower-cased letters to `game_input()`; arrows as
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the game's CSI codes (`0x9b` + `A`/`B`/`C`/`D`), which it maps back to
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`w`/`s`/`d`/`a`; `0x7F` is Backspace/Delete; `Expose` forces a full redraw.
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## Reproduce
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```sh
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cd /home/arti/.local/share/opencode/worktree/26e92e/termtris
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apps/termtris/tests/play.sh # load, click, snapshot
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apps/termtris/tests/play_keys.sh # move / panels / quit
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apps/termtris/run.sh # interactive MAME session
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```
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The run is `VT1200_SKIP_LEVEL1=1 LOADER_AT=2500` with the loader payload at bit
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`0x01880000` and the COFF at `0x01900000`; at frame 2500 the script enters
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`dwt/loader/build/loader.bin`, which places the sections and calls
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`create_process`.
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Last full acceptance run:
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```
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move DIAG: loops=333 events=18 focus=00400001 quit=0
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panels DIAG: loops=323 events=12 focus=00400001 quit=0
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quit DIAG: loops=277 events=10 focus=00400001 quit=1
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```
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`focus=00400001` is the termtris window, and `quit=1` is the game's global after
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`q` — so the keys reached the game, not just the window.
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| evidence | file |
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|---|---|
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| board, panels, preview | `apps/termtris/evidence/termtris_frame3300.png` |
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| after a/d/s/w/0 | `apps/termtris/evidence/termtris_move_3200.png` |
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| after h and r | `apps/termtris/evidence/termtris_panels_3200.png` |
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| after q (`quit=1`) | `apps/termtris/evidence/termtris_quit_3200.png` |
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| renderer test pattern | `apps/termtris/evidence/render_frame3400.png` |
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## Limits
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* No sound, no filesystem: scores live in `.bss` and vanish with the process.
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* `q` sets the game's `quit` and the loop exits, but the window stays on screen
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— the created process does not tear down its X connection.
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* Startup is retried (up to 40 × 50 ms) because `XOpenDisplay`/window creation
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intermittently fails while the display server settles.
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* Tetrominoes are text tiles; a 1-bit cell has no other shape to offer.
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The ROM `vt1200_v22.bin` is never modified — `md5 b46a3e442ccb86134d2356bd70d22fd2`
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before and after.
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Reference in new issue
Block a user