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338 lines
9.2 KiB
Plaintext
338 lines
9.2 KiB
Plaintext
The BOM processing system
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=========================
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The BOM processing system takes a bill of material generated by
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KiCad and converts it in various steps into a "shopping list"
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that can be used to order from various providers.
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Introduction
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============
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The following sections describe how to use the basic elements of
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the BOM processing system.
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A simple BOM translation
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------------------------
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KiCad identifies components by a so-called component reference,
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e.g., R1001, U5, etc. In addition to this, each component can have
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various parameters, such as a "value", its footprint, and further
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user-defined items. These parameters can be shown in the schematics
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(e.g., the value usually is) or they can be hidden (e.g., the
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footprint).
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At the end of the process, we want a "shopping list" that can be
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used to order items or to find them in an inventory or catalog.
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Components in the shopping list are identified by a part number.
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...
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- BOM
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- inventory
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- ID matching
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Equivalences
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------------
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A single component can be associated with multiple part numbers.
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For example, a chip its manufacturer calls "XYZ-R1" may be listed in
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a distributor's catalog with a completely different order number,
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such as "20-1234-8". The BOM processing system therefore
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distinguishes multiple so-called name spaces. A name space is
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identified by a (unique) name and a part number is generally
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qualified by the name of the name space.
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E.g., if the manufacturer is called "ACME" and the distributor of
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electronical components calls itself "DIST-EL", the part in our
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example may have the equivalent names "ACME XYZ-R1" and "DIST-EL
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20-1234-8".
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...
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- revise .inv
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example.equ:
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#INV
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DIST-EL 20-1234-8
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#EQU
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ACME XYZ-R1 DIST-EL 20-1234-8
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Adding stock and cost
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---------------------
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- .inv, more fields
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- quanta
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Substituting component names
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----------------------------
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- intro to .sub
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- ad-hoc fixes
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Selecting characteristics
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-------------------------
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- .sub
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- .chr
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- <rel><number><multiplier><unit> syntax
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...
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Generating characteristics
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--------------------------
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- .gen
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Advanced topics
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===============
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- generating .inv files
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- different presentations (e.g., CT, TR, ...)
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- component substitution (one-way equivalence)
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- problem reports
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- hiding known problems (while sourcing)
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File formats
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============
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The BOM processing system uses a large number of different files to
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store information retrieved from the BOM, inventories, intermediate
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results, etc. The following sections describe the various formats.
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Part characteristics (.chr)
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---------------------------
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A part characteristics file lists the parameters of components.
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This information is then matched with the parameters specified in
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the schematics.
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The part characteristics file begins with a line containing only
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#CHR
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After this, each line contains the manufacturer (namespace), the
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part number, and a list of parameter=value entries. Fields are
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separated by spaces.
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Long lines can be wrapped by indenting the continuation lines.
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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Substitutions (.sub)
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--------------------
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A substitutions file specifies rules for translating component
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parameters in schematics to part characteristics.
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A substitution rule consists of zero or more conditions and zero or
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more assignments. The conditions are of the form field=pattern. The
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field can be a per-component fields KiCad provides or any parameter
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set by substitutions.
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KiCad fields are named as follows:
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KiCad field Field name
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----------- ----------
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Reference REF (*)
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Value VAL
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Footprint FP
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Field1 F1
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... ...
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(*) As a shortcut, REF= can be omitted.
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Note that fields with a user-defined name currently still only appear
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as F1, F2, etc.
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The special field name FN can be used to look for a match in all of
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F1, F2, ... This way, it's sufficient to use a consistent syntax for
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additional parameters, without having to assign also a fixed location
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for them. If more than one field matches, the first match is taken.
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Field names are case-insensitive.
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The pattern is uses a notation similar to filename globbing. There
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are the following special constructs:
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- * matches a string of any length
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- ? matches a single character
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- (...) matches the pattern between the parentheses and records the
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string matched
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- $X marks a value in nXn notation, e.g., 4u7 or 100R. Such values
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are converted to SI-like notation.
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A rule is applied when all conditions are fulfilled. In this case,
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assignments of the form field=value are executed. Strings obtained
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in the match can be included in a value as follows:
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- $field and ${field} are replaced by the respective field
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- $field:n and ${field:n} are replaced by the n-th (...) pattern in
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the match of the respective field
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If a rule ends with an exclamation mark, the substitution process stops
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after the rule is applied. Otherwise, further rules are processed.
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Examples:
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R* val=$R -> R=$val
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This rule translates the values of all resistors to SI notation.
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D* FN=(*)Vdc -> T=TSV Vdc=FN:1
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This rule sets the parameters T and Vdc for Zeners acting as TSVs.
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If a set of rules has a common set of conditions or assignments, the
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more compact block notation can be used instead of repeating them for
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each rule:
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common-conditions -> common-assignments {
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rule-specific-conditions -> rule-specific-assignments
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...
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}
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Rules in a block only match if both the common and the rule-specific
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conditions are met. Then the common and the rule-specific assignments
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are performed. If a condition or an assignment appears both in the
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common and the rule-specific part, only the latter is used.
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Long lines can be wrapped by indenting the continuation lines. Note
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that { and ! are also considered to be part of the same line as the
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rest of the rule. In particular, the following construct wouldn't
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work:
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X=Y
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{
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...
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}
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With proper indentation, this would:
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X=Y
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{
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...
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}
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Characteristics generation (.gen)
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---------------------------------
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The substitution mechanism can also be used to automatically generate
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characteristics from part numbers, e.g., for resistors or capacitors.
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.gen files are exactly .sub files, with the exception that the only
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field used is the REF field and that it contains the part number.
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Once the rule set has been processed, all fields (except REF) whose
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name doesn't begin with an underscore are placed in the characteristics
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entry as parameters.
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An entry is only produced if the rule set is explicitly terminated.
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Parts list (.par)
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------------------
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A parts file lists the parts that are suitable for a given BOM item.
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The file begins with a line containing only
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#PAR
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After this, each line contains the component reference, a space, and
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then one or more namespace part-number groups, separated by spaces as
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well.
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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Order list (.ord)
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-----------------
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An order file lists the quantities to order from inventories, along
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with the cost and the component references the item is used for. The
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file begins with a line containing only
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#ORD
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After this, each line contains the supplier (namespace), the part
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number, the number of items to order, the currency code, the cost,
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and one or more component references.
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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Equivalence (.equ)
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------------------
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Equivalence files establish equivalences between parts numbers in the
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same or in different name spaces. An equivalence file begins with a
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line containing only
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#EQU
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After this, each line consists of the following four space-separated
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fields:
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namespace-1 part-number-1 namespace-2 part-number-2
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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Inventory (.inv)
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----------------
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Inventory files list inventory and component cost. An inventory file
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begins with a line containing only
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#INV
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After this, each line contains the namespace and the part number,
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followed by the number of items in stock, the currency code, and one
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or more pricing entries.
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Each pricing entry consists of two fields: the number of items in an
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order, and the per item price at that quantity. A sequence of
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increasing order sizes indicates that they are quanta. A sequence of
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decreasing order sizes indicates that smaller quanta are possible
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after a previous larger threshold has been met.
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Example:
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... USD 1 0.5 10 0.4 100 0.2
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Means that an order of at least 170 units would be made either as
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2 * 100 units, costing USD 40, or as 1 * 100 + 7 * 10 units, costing
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USD 20 + USD 28 = USD 48.
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If the entry is
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... USD 1 0.5 10 0.4 100 0.2 1 0.2
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Then the USD 0.2 per unit cost would apply to any any quantity of at
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least 100 units. So a 170 units order would cost USD 34.
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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The number of items in stock and the pricing data can be omitted. We
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call this "virtual inventory". In this case, the numer of items in
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stock and the price default to large numbers (e.g., 999999). Virtual
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inventory is used to suppress warnings for parts that have not been
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sourced yet, but where sourcing is in progress.
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Description (.dsc)
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------------------
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A description file contains plain text descriptions of parts. The file
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begins with a like containing only
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#DSC
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Each line contains the name space, a space, the part number, another
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space, and the description. The description can contain any printable
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character and ends with a newline.
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Blank lines and comments (#) are ignored.
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